动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 11: 4416 - 4424

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.11.018

禽营养 Poultry nutrition

饲粮钠水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、血液学指标和胫骨发育的影响

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  • 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点开放实验室, 北京 100081
付宇(1993-),女,黑龙江牡丹江人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:fuuuuyu@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-04-13

  网络出版日期: 2018-11-20

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0501202-06）；北京市家禽创新团队（BAIC04-2018）

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Effects of Dietary Sodium Level on Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters and Tibia Development of Broilers

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  • Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2018-04-13

  Online published: 2018-11-20

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮钠水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、血液离子浓度以及血常规、血气和胫骨指标的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加（AA）肉仔鸡公雏270只，随机分为3组（每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡），分别饲喂氯满足需要但钠水平为0.075%（低钠组）、0.160%（中钠组）和0.245%（高钠组）的饲粮。试验期42 d，分为前期（1~14日龄）、中期（15~28日龄）和后期（29~42日龄）3个阶段。结果显示：1）随着饲粮钠水平的升高，肉仔鸡14和28日龄平均体重显著增加（P<0.05），低钠组肉仔鸡42日龄平均体重显著低于中钠组和高钠组（P<0.05）。低钠组肉仔鸡前期、中期、后期和全期平均日增重均显著低于中钠组和高钠组（P<0.05）。肉仔鸡前期平均日采食量随饲粮钠水平增加显著增加（P<0.05），中期、后期和全期平均日采食量表现为低钠组显著低于中钠组和高钠组（P<0.05）。肉仔鸡前期、中期和全期料重比表现为低钠组显著高于中钠组和高钠组（P<0.05）。2）低钠组肉仔鸡28日龄血液钾离子浓度显著高于中钠组（P<0.05），该组28日龄血液钠离子和氯离子浓度显著低于中钠组和高钠组（P<0.05）。低钠组42日龄血液钠离子浓度显著低于中钠组和高钠组（P<0.05）。3）饲粮钠水平对肉仔鸡28日龄血常规指标无显著影响（P>0.05）。高钠组42日龄血液血红蛋白浓度显著高于低钠组（P<0.05），低钠组血液红细胞比容显著低于中钠组和高钠离组（P<0.05）。4）饲粮钠水平对肉仔鸡血气指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。5）低钠组肉仔鸡42日龄胫骨重量和长度均显著低于中钠组和高钠组（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮钠水平为0.075%时会降低肉仔鸡的采食量，对胫骨发育和生长不利；较高的饲粮钠水平（0.245%）可改善肉仔鸡的生长性能，且在前期（1~14日龄）效果较好。

关键词： 肉仔鸡; 钠; 氯; 饲粮电解质平衡; 生长性能; 血液学指标; 胫骨发育

本文引用格式

付宇, 戴东, 马友彪, 张海军, 王晶, 武书庚, 齐广海 . 饲粮钠水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、血液学指标和胫骨发育的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(11) : 4416 -4424 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.11.018

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium level on growth performance, blood ion concentrations, blood routine, blood gas and tibia parameters of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate. Broilers in the 3 groups were fed diets with the sodium level of 0.075% (low sodium group), 0.160% (medium sodium group) and 0.245% (high sodium group), respectively. The chlorine of each diet could meet the demand of broilers. The experiment lasted for 42 days including 3 periods which were early period (1 to 14 days of age), medium period (15 to 28 days of age) and late period (29 to 42 days of age). The results showed as follows:1) the average body weight of broilers at 14 and 28 days of age was significantly increased with dietary sodium level increasing (P<0.05). Compared with the medium sodium group and high sodium group, the average body weight of broilers at 42 days of age in the low sodium group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the medium sodium group and high sodium group, the average daily gain in the low sodium group was significantly decreased during early period, medium period, late period and whole period (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake was significantly increased with dietary sodium level increasing during early period (P<0.05). Compared with the medium sodium group and high sodium group, the average daily feed intake in the low sodium group was significantly decreased during medium period, late period and whole period (P<0.05). Compared with the medium sodium group and high sodium group, the feed/gain in the low sodium group was significantly increased during early period, medium period and whole period (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the medium sodium group, the blood potassium ion concentration of broilers at 28 days of age in the low sodium group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the medium sodium group and high sodium group, the blood sodium ion and chloride ion concentrations of broilers at 28 days of age in the low sodium group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the medium sodium group and high sodium group, the blood sodium ion concentration of broilers at 42 days of age in the low sodium group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in blood routine parameters of broilers at 28 days of age (P>0.05). Compared with the low sodium group, the blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) of broilers at 42 days of age in the medium sodium group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the medium sodium group and high sodium group, blood hematocrit value (Hct) of broilers at 42 days of age in the low sodium group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in blood gas parameters (P>0.05). 5) Compared with the medium sodium group and high sodium group, the weight and length of tibia in the low sodium group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Therefore, the 0.075% of sodium level can decrease the feed intake and inhibit the growth and development of tibia, and the high sodium level (0.245%) can improve the growth performance of broilers, especially in the early period (1 to 14 days of age).

Key words： broilers; sodium; chlorine; dEB; growth performance; hematological parameters; tibia development

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