本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加茶籽多糖和博落回生物碱对黄羽肉鸡肠道菌群的影响及博落回血根碱的抑菌活性。选取1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡750羽，随机分为5个组，每组6个重复，每个重复25只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加抗生素（1~28日龄为10 mg/kg抗敌素，29~56日龄为5 mg/kg黄霉素；抗生素组）、茶籽多糖（0.04%；多糖组）、博落回生物碱（1~28日龄为10 mg/kg，29~56日龄为20 mg/kg；博落回组）、茶籽多糖（0.04%）+博落回生物碱（1~28日龄为10 mg/kg，29~56日龄为20 mg/kg；多糖+博落回组）。试验期56 d。采用琼脂扩散纸片法和试管液体二倍稀释法分别测定博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌的抑菌效果和最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明：多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组黄羽肉鸡的空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组和抗生素组相比，多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组黄羽肉鸡的空肠内容物中乳酸杆菌数量极显著升高（P<0.01）。博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌和巴氏杆菌中度敏感，对大肠杆菌低度敏感，对沙门氏菌高度敏感。博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌和沙门氏菌的MIC分别为25.00、25.00、12.50和1.56 μg/mL。综上所述，饲粮中添加茶籽多糖和博落回生物碱均能替代抗生素，可有效改善黄羽肉鸡的空肠形态结构，提高空肠中的乳酸杆菌数量，二者联合使用与单独添加效果相当；博落回血根碱对沙门氏菌有较强的抑菌效果，其效果优于青霉素钠。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tea seed polysaccharide and Macleaya cordata alkaloids on intestinal flora of yellow-feathered broilers and antimicrobial activity of Macleaya cordata sanguinarine. A total of 750 1-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate. Broilers in control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with antibiotic (10 mg/kg colistin at 1 to 28 days of age and 5 mg/kg flavomycin at 29 to 56 days of age, antibiotic group), tea seed polysaccharide (0.04%, polysaccharide group), Macleaya cordata alkaloids (10 mg/kg at 1 to 28 days of age and 20 mg/kg at 29 to 56 days of age, Macleaya cordata group), tea seed polysaccharide (0.04%) and Macleaya cordata alkaloids (10 mg/kg at 1 to 28 days of age and 20 mg/kg at 29 to 56 days of age, polysaccharide+Macleaya cordata group).The experiment lasted for 56 days. Antibacterial effects and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Macleaya cordata sanguinarine on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coil, Salmonella and Pasteurella were determined by agar diffusion paper method and double dilution method of test tube liquid, respectively. The results showed that:the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) of jejunum of yellow-feathered broilers in polysaccharide group, Macleaya cordata group and polysaccharide+Macleaya cordata group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group and antibiotic group, the number of Lactobacillus in jejunal contents of yellow-feathered broilers in polysaccharide group, Macleaya cordata group and polysaccharide+Macleaya cordata group was significantly increased (P<0.01). Macleaya cordata sanguinarine was medium sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus and Pasteurella, and was low sensitive to Escherichia coli and highly sensitive to Salmonella. MIC of Macleaya cordata sanguinarine on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella and Salmonella were 25.00, 25.00, 12.50 and 1.56 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, dietary tea seed polysaccharide and Macleaya cordata alkaloids can both replace antibiotic, can effectively improve jejunal morphological structure, increase the number of Lactobacillus in jejunum of yellow-feathered broilers, and combined effects is equivalent to individual addition effects. Macleaya cordata sanguinarine has strong antibacterial effects on Salmonella, and the effects are superior to that of penicillin sodium.