饲粮添加&beta;-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物区系的影响

陈庆菊, 刘金艳, 卢昌文, 马娅君, 唐志如

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.11.049

动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 11: 4712 - 4720

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.11.049

研究简报 Short communications

饲粮添加β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物区系的影响

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西南大学动物科技学院, 生物饲料与分子营养实验室, 重庆 400715

陈庆菊(1995-),女,贵州黔南人,硕士研究生,动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:1054082657@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-04-26

网络出版日期: 2018-11-20

基金资助

重庆市自然科学基金项目（cstc2016jcyjA1414）；国家自然科学基金项目（31772610）；重庆市留学人才创新计划重点项目（cx2017024）

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Effects of Dietary β-Glucan on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microflora of Weaned Piglets

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Biological Feed and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

Received date: 2018-04-26

Online published: 2018-11-20

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摘要

本试验旨在研究β-葡聚糖替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物区系和微生物氨基酸脱羧酶活力的影响。试验选取30头28日龄断奶健康的（大约克×荣昌）×长白内三元杂交阉公仔猪，随机分为3组：对照组饲喂基础饲粮，杆菌肽锌组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg杆菌肽锌的饲粮，β-葡聚糖组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg β-葡聚糖的饲粮。每组10个重复，每个重复1头猪，预试期4 d，正试期为28 d。试验结果表明：与对照组相比，β-葡聚糖组和杆菌肽锌组断奶仔猪的生长性能和腹泻指数显著提高（P<0.05），料重比显著降低（P<0.05）。β-葡聚糖组与杆菌肽锌组之间仔猪的生长性能、腹泻指数和料重比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。与杆菌肽锌组相比，饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖能显著降低断奶仔猪回肠微生物色氨酸脱羧酶和赖氨酸脱羧酶活力（P<0.05）。杆菌肽锌组和β-葡聚糖组结肠微生物蛋氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶和赖氨酸脱羧酶活力显著低于对照组（P<0.05），色氨酸脱羧酶活力显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖未改变结肠微生物优势菌群的组成，但提高了结肠乳酸杆菌、韦荣球菌、拟杆菌、厚壁菌、毛螺菌等有益菌的相对丰度，降低了有害菌梭状芽孢杆菌的相对丰度，且与添加杆菌肽锌效果相当。综上，在饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的β-葡聚糖提高了断奶仔猪的生长性能，降低了肠道中微生物氨基酸脱羧酶的活力，并提高了结肠微生物的相对丰度和降低了有害菌的相对丰度；β-葡聚糖在促进肠道有益菌生长方面优于杆菌肽锌。

关键词： β -葡聚糖; 断奶仔猪; 肠道微生物; 脱羧酶

本文引用格式

陈庆菊, 刘金艳, 卢昌文, 马娅君, 唐志如 . 饲粮添加β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物区系的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(11) : 4712 -4720 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.11.049

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of β-glucan instead of antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal microflora and microbial amino acid decarboxylase activity of weaned piglets. Thirty 28-day-old healthy weaned piglets[(Rongchang×Yorkshire)×Landrace] were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 pig in each replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet, those in the bacitracin zinc group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, and those in the β-glucan group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg β-glucan. The experiment lasted for 28 days after 4 days adaption. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the growth performance and diarrhea index of weaned piglets in the β-glucan group and bacitracin zinc group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the ratios of feed to gain in above two groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in growth performance, diarrhea index and the ratio of feed to gain between the β-glucan group and bacitracin zinc group (P>0.05). Dietary β-glucan significantly reduced the activities of microbial tryptophan decarboxylase and lysine decarboxylase in ileum of weaned piglets compared with the bacitracin zinc (P<0.05). The activities of microbial methionine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and lysine decarboxylase in colon of weaned piglets in the β-glucan group and bacitracin zinc group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the tryptophan decarboxylase activity was significantly improved (P<0.05) compared with the control group. Dietary β-glucan didn't alter the dominant microbial flora in the colon, while improved the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Veillonellaceae, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Lachnospiraceae and reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacterium such as Clostridium, and this effect was equivalent to bacitracin zinc. In conclusion, supplementation with 400 mg/kg β-glucan can improve growth performance, reduce intestinal decarboxylase activity, improve the relative abundance of microorganisms and decrease the relative abundance of harmful bacterium in the colon of weaned piglets. The effects of β-glucan on promoting probiotics growth is better than bacitracin zinc.

Key words： β-glucan; weaned piglets; intestinal microflora; decarboxylase

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