综述 Review

动物外泌体的生物学功能研究进展

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  • 1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 北京农学院, 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 102206
权素玉(1989-),女,河北平山人,博士研究生,从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:quansuyu@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-05-07

  网络出版日期: 2018-12-19

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31572435,31402107);国家"十三五"重点研发计划(2016YFD0700205,2016YFD0700201)

Advances in Biological Functions of Animal Exosomes

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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China

Received date: 2018-05-07

  Online published: 2018-12-19

摘要

外泌体是指不同类型细胞分泌的由磷脂双分子层膜包裹蛋白质、脂质和核酸形成的囊泡结构,能够在细胞间转运蛋白质、脂质和核酸,是介导细胞间通讯的有力载体。外泌体天然存在于各种体液中,如血液、尿液、唾液、脑脊液和乳汁,为其广泛调控机体生理病理过程提供了基础。目前,外泌体在人类恶性肿瘤、自身免疫疾病等方面的研究已非常广泛,但其对动物生理病理调控方面的研究报道较少。近期研究表明,外泌体大量存在于各种哺乳动物的乳中,通过其内含miRNAs为幼畜提供免疫保护。因此,本文综述了外泌体的生成和来源、生物学功能及分离鉴定的方法,以期为其在畜牧学方面的研究提供参考依据。

本文引用格式

权素玉, 南雪梅, 蒋林树, 熊本海 . 动物外泌体的生物学功能研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(12) : 4786 -4791 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.12.003

Abstract

Exosomes, internal proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids coated by phospholipid bilayer membranes, are one type of small extracellular vesicles, which can mediate cell-cell communication. Exosomes are naturally present in many kinds of body fluids, such as blood, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid and milk, which can provide a basis for their extensive regulation of physiological and pathological processes. Currently, exosomes have been extensively studied in human malignant tumor and autoimmune diseases, but the researches on animal physiology and pathology are less. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are abundant in the milk of various mammals and they provide immunological protection for infants through miRNAs. The origin, biological functions and methods of isolation and identification of exosomes were reviewed, hoping to provide reference for its researches on animal husbandry.

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