猪营养 Swine Nutrition

饲粮直链/支链淀粉比对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、肠道食糜菌群数量与挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及肌内脂肪含量的影响

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  • 四川农业大学动物营养研究所, 动物抗病营养教育部重点实验室, 雅安 625014
蒲俊宁(1990-),男,四川南充人,博士研究生,从事猪的营养研究。E-mail:1135422733@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-05-09

  网络出版日期: 2018-12-19

基金资助

国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD13B01);国家973项目(2012CB124701)

Effects of Dietary Amylose/Amylopectin Ratio on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Dgestibility, Intestinal Microflora Number and Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations and Intramuscular Fat Content of Finishing Pigs

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  • Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China

Received date: 2018-05-09

  Online published: 2018-12-19

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮直链/支链淀粉比对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、肠道食糜菌群数量与挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及肌内脂肪含量的影响。选取24头平均体重为(61.67±2.01) kg的健康"杜×长×大"生长猪,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复1头),分别饲喂直链/支链淀粉比为0.26(LD组)、0.37(CD组)、0.47(MD组)和0.98(HD组)的试验饲粮。试验至猪平均体重达120 kg时结束。结果表明:1)随着饲粮直链/支链淀粉比的增加,饲粮总能、粗灰分、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质表观消化率线性降低(P<0.05)。与LD组相比,MD和HD组饲粮总能、粗灰分和粗蛋白质表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05),HD组粗脂肪表观消化率也显著降低(P<0.05);与CD组相比,HD组饲粮总能、粗灰分和粗蛋白质表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05)。2)HD组育肥猪回肠食糜pH显著低于LD、CD和MD组(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮直链/支链淀粉比的增加,盲肠食糜丁酸浓度及结肠食糜丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度呈显著的线性增加(P<0.05),盲肠食糜丙酸浓度有线性和二次曲线变化的趋势(0.05≤P≤0.10),结肠食糜乙酸浓度有线性增加的趋势(0.05≤P≤0.10)。与LD和CD组相比,HD组育肥猪盲肠食糜丙酸和丁酸浓度显著提高(P<0.05);与LD组相比,HD组育肥猪结肠食糜丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著提高(P<0.05)。4)盲肠食糜双歧杆菌数量随饲粮直链/支链淀粉比的增加呈显著的线性和二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。MD和HD组育肥猪盲肠食糜总细菌数量显著高于LD组(P<0.05);HD组盲肠食糜双歧杆菌数量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。5)与HD组相比,LD组育肥猪背最长肌肌内脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05),LD、CD和MD组背最长肌中G蛋白偶联受体43(GPR43)相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,增加饲粮直链/支链淀粉比可降低育肥猪的营养物质表观消化率,改变后肠食糜菌群组成,增加后肠食糜挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及影响肌内脂肪沉积。因此,适宜的饲粮直链/支链淀粉比有利于改善育肥猪肠道健康和猪肉品质。

本文引用格式

蒲俊宁, 王华杰, 陈代文, 田刚, 何军, 郑萍, 毛湘冰, 虞洁, 黄志清, 罗钧秋, 罗玉衡, 余冰 . 饲粮直链/支链淀粉比对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、肠道食糜菌群数量与挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及肌内脂肪含量的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(12) : 4874 -4885 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.12.015

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, intestinal microflora number and volatile fatty acid concentrations and intramuscular fat content of finishing pigs. Twenty-four Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire healthy growing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of (61.67±2.01) kg were randomly assigned to four groups with six replicates per group and one pig in each replicate. The amylose/amylopectin ratio of four experimental diets was 0.26 (LD group), 0.37 (CD group), 0.47 (MD group) and 0.98 (HD group), respectively. The experiment was ended when the average body weight of pigs reached about 120 kg. The results showed as follows: 1) as the dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio increasing, the apparent digestibility of dietary gross energy, ash, ether extract and crude protein was linear reduced (P<0.05). Compared with LD group, the apparent digestibility of gross energy, ash and crude protein in MD and HD groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibility of crude fat in HD group was also significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with CD group, the apparent digestibility of gross energy, ash and crude protein in HD group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The pH of ileal digesta in HD group was significantly lower than that in LD, CD and MD groups (P<0.05). 3) As the dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio increasing, the cecal digesta butyrate concentrations and the colon digesta propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were linear increased (P<0.05), the cecal digesta propionic acid concentration had trends of linear and quadratic curve changes (0.05≤P≤0.10), and colon digesta acetic acid concentration showed a linear increasing trend (0.05≤P≤0.10). Compared with LD and CD groups, the concentrations of propionic acid and butyrate in cecal digesta of pigs in HD group were significantly increased (P<0.05); compared with LD group, the concentrations of propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids in colon digesta of pigs in HD group were significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) The Bifidobacterium number of cecal digesta was significantly changed as linear and quadratic curve with the dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio increasing (P<0.05). The total bacteria number of cecal digesta in MD and HD groups was significantly higher than that in LD group (P<0.05); the Bifidobacterium number of cecal digesta in HD group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). 5) Compared with HD group, the intramuscular fat content in longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs in LD group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the relative expression level of G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) in longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs in LD, CD and MD groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, increase dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio can reduce nutrient apparent digestibility, change the composition of posterior intestinal microflora, increase the posterior intestinal volatile fatty acid concentration, and affect intramuscular fat deposition. Therefore, the appropriate dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio is beneficial to improve the intestinal health and pork quality of pigs.

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