动物营养学报 >

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 12: 4991 - 5001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.12.027

反刍动物营养 Ruminant nutrition

饥饿及恢复饲喂对牦牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清指标的影响

展开
  • 1. 四川农业大学动物营养研究所, 四川省牛低碳养殖与安全生产高校重点实验室, 雅安 625014;
    2. 路德生物环保技术(古蔺)有限公司, 泸州 646509
曾少玉(1992-),男,湖北十堰人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:652044206@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-05-14

  网络出版日期: 2018-12-19

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（31772630）；国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系（CARS-37）

收起

Effects of Starvation and Refeeding on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Indices of Yaks

Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safe Production of Higher Education in Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China;
    2. Road Biological Environmental Technology(Gulin) Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646509, China

Received date: 2018-05-14

  Online published: 2018-12-19

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究牦牛在正常饲喂、饥饿和恢复饲喂条件下生长及消化代谢变化情况。选用平均体重为（183.60±15.62） kg的3周岁健康牦牛6头作为试验动物。将试验分为正常饲喂期（7 d）、饥饿期（断食7 d）以及恢复饲喂期（28 d）。结果表明：1）饥饿7 d后牦牛失重约10.06%，恢复饲喂期前3周牦牛的干物质采食量、料重比显著低于正常饲喂期（P<0.05），恢复饲喂期前2周牦牛的平均日增重较正常饲喂期显著提高（P<0.05）。恢复饲喂期第1周，牦牛粗蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率较正常饲喂期显著提高（P<0.05）；恢复饲喂期第4周，牦牛干物质采食量、料重比、平均日增重及粗脂肪表观消化率与正常饲喂期无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）饥饿期牦牛血清葡萄糖、甘油三酯、尿素氮和肌酸酐含量较正常饲喂期显著降低（P<0.05），血清非酯化脂肪酸含量较正常饲喂期显著升高（P<0.05）。在恢复饲喂期，第1周和第3周牦牛血清葡萄糖含量较正常饲喂期显著提高（P<0.05），第1周和第2周牦牛血清非酯化脂肪酸和总蛋白含量较正常饲喂期显著升高（P<0.05），第2周和第3周牦牛血清甘油三酯含量较正常饲喂期显著降低（P<0.05），第4周牦牛血清各代谢物含量与正常饲喂期无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）饥饿期牦牛血清胰岛素、生长激素及胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ含量较正常饲喂期显著降低（P<0.05）。在恢复饲喂期，第2周牦牛血清胰岛素含量较正常饲喂期显著提高（P<0.05），第1周、第2周和第3周牦牛血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ含量较正常饲喂期显著升高（P<0.05），第4周牦牛血清生长激素与胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ含量与正常饲喂期差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见，饥饿期牦牛通过降低糖和蛋白质代谢水平，提高脂肪分解来适应饥饿。而恢复饲喂期前3周是牦牛补偿生长的重要时期。

关键词： 牦牛; 饥饿; 恢复饲喂; 生长性能; 营养物质表观消化率; 血清指标

本文引用格式

曾少玉, 王之盛, 彭全辉, 薛白, 王立志, 邹华围, 胡瑞, 祝伊枭, 周芯宇, 刘建忠 . 饥饿及恢复饲喂对牦牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018 , 30(12) : 4991 -5001 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.12.027

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the changes of growth, digestibility and metabolism of yaks under normal feeding, starvation, and refeeding conditions. Six healthy three-year-old yaks were selected as experimental animals which average body weight was (183.60±15.62) kg. The trial was divided into normal feeding period (7 d), starvation period (7 d) and refeeding period (28 d). The results showed as follows: 1) yaks lost about 10.06% of body weight after 7-day starvation. The dry matter intake and feed/gain were significantly lower in the first three weeks of refeeding period than normal feeding period (P<0.05). Compared with normal feeding period, the average daily gain of yaks was significantly increased in the first two weeks of refeeding period (P<0.05); the apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract were significantly improved in the first week of refeeding period (P<0.05); no significant differences were found in the feed/gain and apparent digestibility of ether extract in fourth week of refeeding period (P>0.05). 2) Serum glucose, triglyceride, urea nitrogen and creatinine contents were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and serum non-esterified fatty acid content was significantly increased in starvation period compared with normal feeding period (P<0.05). Compared with normal feeding period, serum glucose content was significantly increased in the first and third weeks of refeeding period than normal feeding period (P<0.05); serum non-esterified fatty acids and total protein contents was significantly increased in the first and second weeks of refeeding period (P<0.05); serum triglyceride content was significantly reduced in the second and third weeks of refeeding period (P<0.05); the contents of metabolites in serum had no significant differences in the fourth week of refeeding period (P>0.05). 3) The contents of insulin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ in serum were significantly reduced in starvation period contrast to normal feeding period (P<0.05). In the second week of refeeding period, serum insulin content was significantly increased (P<0.05) contrast to normal feeding period (P<0.05). Serum insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ was significantly elevated in first three weeks of refeeding period compared with normal feeding period (P<0.05). Serum growth hormone and insulin like growth factor Ⅰ contents had no significant differences in the fourth week of refeeding period compared with normal feeding period (P>0.05). It is concluded that the yaks adapt to starvation by increasing the catabolism of lipid and decreasing the metabolism of glucose and protein. The first three weeks of refeeding period are important for compensatory growth of yaks.

Key words： yaks; starvation; refeeding; growth performance; nutrient apparent digestibility; serum indices

参考文献

[1] LONG R J,DING L M,SHANG Z H,et al.The yak grazing system on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and its status[J].Rangeland Journal,2008,30(2):241-246.  



[2] 王威,张建勋,康坤,等.冷季补饲精料对牦牛繁殖性能和生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(7):78-80.



[3] MCCUE M D.Starvation physiology:reviewing the different strategies animals use to survive a common challenge[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2010,156(1):1-18.  



[4] RUSSELL R W,GAHR S A.Glucose availability and associated metabolism[M]//D'MELLO J P F.Farm animal metabolism and nutrition.Edinburgh:The Scottish Agricultural College,2000:121-147.



[5] STAEHR P,HOTHER-NIELSEN O,BECK-NIELSEN H.The role of the liver in type 2 diabetes[J].Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders,2004,5(2):105-110.  



[6] FRICK N T,BYSTRIANSKY J S,IP Y K,et al.Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in fasting and aestivating African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2008,151(1):85-92.  



[7] CAHILL G F Jr.Starvation in man[J].The New England Journal of Medicine,1970,282(12):668-675.  



[8] MORAES G,ALTRAN A E,AVILEZ I M,et al.Metabolic adjustments during semi-aestivation of the marble swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus,Bloch 1795)-a facultative air breathing fish[J].Brazilian Journal of Biology,2005,65(2):305-312.  



[9] RYAN W J,WILLIAMS I H,MOIR R J.Compensatory growth in sheep and cattle.Ⅱ:changes in body composition and tissue weights[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1993,44(7):1623-1633.  



[10] ASHFIELD A,WALLACE M,MCGEE M,et al.Bioeconomic modelling of compensatory growth for grass-based dairy calf-to-beef production systems[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2014,152(5):805-816.  



[11] YU X Q,PENG Q H,LUO X L,et al.Effects of starvation on lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in yak[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(11):1593-1600.  



[12] 任建林,王之盛,彭全辉,等.绝食对九龙牦牛体重、血清激素和生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2162-2169.



[13] BELANCHE A,DE LA FUENTE G,NEWBOLD C J.Effect of progressive inoculation of fauna-free sheep with holotrich protozoa and total-fauna on rumen fermentation,microbial diversity and methane emissions[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2015,91(3):fiu026.



[14] DE SOUZA J,GARVER J L,PRESEAULT C L,et al.Short communication:effects of prill size of a palmitic acid-enriched fat supplement on the yield of milk and milk components,and nutrient digestibility of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(1):379-384.  



[15] DING L M,CHEN J Q,LONG R J,et al.Blood hormonal and metabolite levels in grazing yak steers undergoing compensatory growth[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,209:30-39.



[16] AOAC.Official methods of analysis[S].17th ed.Gaithersburg:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,2002.



[17] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.  



[18] MCCUE M D.Western diamondback rattlesnakes demonstrate physiological and biochemical strategies for tolerating prolonged starvation[J].Physiological and Biochemical Zoology,2007,80(1):25-34.  



[19] COLEMAN S W,EVANS B C.Effect of nutrition,age and size on compensatory growth in two breeds of steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,63(6):1968-1982.  



[20] COMOGLIO L I,GAXIOLA G,ROQUE A,et al.The effect of starvation on refeeding,digestive enzyme activity,oxygen consumption,and ammonia excretion in juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,2004,23(1):243-249.



[21] LAUDER G V,LEROI A M,ROSE M R.Adaptations and history[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,1993,8(8):294-297.  



[22] CHWALIBOG A,TAUSON A H,THORBEK G.Diurnal rhythm in heat production and oxidation of carbohydrate and fat in pigs during feeding,starvation and re-feeding[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2004,88(7/8):266-274.



[23] HIRO-OMI Y,HISAE M,MITSUHIRO F.Changes in body composition of germ-free and conventional chickens during starvation[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1992,103(3):565-568.  



[24] CHAIYABUTR N,FAULKNER A,PEAKER M.Effects of starvation on the cardiovascular system,water balance and milk secretion in lactating goats[J].Research in Veterinary Science,1980,28(3):291-295.  



[25] HORNICK J L,VAN EENAEME C,GÉRARD O,et al.Mechanisms of reduced and compensatory growth[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2000,19(2):121-132.  



[26] JOHNSON D E,JOHNSON K A,BALDWIN R L.Changes in liver and gastrointestinal tract energy demands in response to physiological workload in ruminants[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1990,120(6):649-655.  



[27] ORTIGUES I,DOREAU M.Responses of the splanchnic tissues of ruminants to changes in intake:absorption of digestion end products,tissue mass,metabolic activity and implications to whole animal energy metabolism[J].Annales de Zootechnie,1995,44(4):321-346.  



[28] CONNOR E E,KAHL S,ELSASSER T H,et al.Enhanced mitochondrial complex gene function and reduced liver size may mediate improved feed efficiency of beef cattle during compensatory growth[J].Functional & Integrative Genomics,2010,10(1):39-51.  



[29] HAYDEN J M,WILLIAMS J E,COLLIER R J.Plasma growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor,insulin,and thyroid hormone association with body protein and fat accretion in steers undergoing compensatory gain after dietary energy restriction[J].Journal of Animal Science,1993,71(12):3327-3338.  



[30] JONES S J,STARKEY D L,CALKINS C R,et al.Myofibrillar protein turnover in feed-restricted and realimented beef cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(9):2707-2715.  



[31] TURGEON O A Jr,BRINK D R,BARTLE S J,et al.Effects of growth rate and compensatory growth on body composition in lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,63(3):770-780.  



[32] LIPPENS M,HUYGHEBAERT G,DE GROOTE G.The efficiency of nitrogen retention during compensatory growth of food-restricted broilers[J].British Poultry Science,2002,43(5):669-676.  



[33] HEITZ U E,HORNE M M,SPAHN D L.Pocket guide to fluid,electrolyte,and acid-base balance[M].5th ed.St.Louis,Mo:Elsevier Heath Sciences,2012.



[34] MEHREZ A Z,ABO-DONIA F M,MAKLAD E H,et al.Evaluation of sugar beet pulp treated with Trichoderma verdi and Saccharomyces cervicia[J].Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goat Sciences,2008,3(1):33-50.



[35] MAHMOUD A E M,EL-BORDENY N E S.The nutritive value of sugar beet pulp-substituted corn for barki lambs[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2016,48(4):995-1002.



[36] YANG W Z,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Physically effective fiber:method of determination and effects on chewing,ruminal acidosis,and digestion by dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2618-2633.  



[37] MA T,WANG B,ZHANG N,et al.Effect of protein restriction followed by realimentation on growth,nutrient digestibility,ruminal parameters,and transporter gene expression in lambs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,231:19-28.



[38] CAHILL G F Jr.Fuel metabolism in starvation[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,2006,26:1-22.



[39] CHAMPAGNE C D,HOUSER D S,CROCKER D E.Glucose metabolism during lactation in a fasting animal,the northern elephant seal[J].American Journal of Physiology,2006,291(4):R1129-R1137.



[40] HOCQUETTE J F,ABE H.Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species[J].Reproduction Nutrition Development,2000,40(6):517-533.  



[41] BLUM J W,SCHNYDER W,KUNZ P L,et al.Reduced and compensatory growth:endocrine and metabolic changes during food restriction and refeeding in steers[J].Journal of Nutrition,1985,115(4):417-424.  



[42] DIMARCO N M,BEITZ D C,WHITEHURST G B.Effect of fasting on free fatty acid,glycerol and cholesterol concentrations in blood plasma and lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,1981,52(1):75-82.  



[43] SCHROEDER A L,BERGERN W G,MERKEL R A.Estimation of lean body mass,empty body protein and skeletal muscle protein from urinary creatinine excretion in beef steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(Suppl.1):311.



[44] HARLOW H J,BUSKIRK S W.Comparative plasma and urine chemistry of fasting white-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys leucurus) and American martens (Martes americana):representative fat-and lean-bodied animals[J].Physiological Zoology,1991,64(5):1262-1278.  



[45] COSTA D P,ORTIZ C L.Blood chemistry homeostasis during prolonged fasting in the northern elephant seal[J].American Journal of Physiology,1982,242(5):R591-R595.



[46] TAYLOR S.Metabolic issues of clinical nutrition[J].Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics,2005,18(2):141-142.  



[47] ROUVINEN-WATT K,MUSTONEN A M,CONWAY R,et al.Rapid development of fasting-induced hepatic lipidosis in the American mink (Neovison vison):effects of food deprivation and re-alimentation on body fat depots,tissue fatty acid profiles,hematology and endocrinology[J].Lipids,2010,45(2):111-128.  



[48] AHMED B M,BERGEN W G,AMES N K.Effect of nutritional state and insulin on hind-limb amino acid metabolism in steers[J].Journal of Nutrition,1983,113(8):1529-1543.  



[49] SHAW C S,CLARK J,WAGENMAKERS A J M.The effect of exercise and nutrition on intramuscular fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,2010,30:13-34.



[50] ETHERTON T D,BAUMAN D E.Biology of somatotropin in growth and lactation of domestic animals[J].Physiological Reviews,1998,78(3):745-761.  



[51] AL-REGAIEY K A,MASTERNAK M M,BONKOWSKI M,et al.Long-lived growth hormone receptor knockout mice:interaction of reduced insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ/insulin signaling and caloric restriction[J].Endocrinology,2005,146(2):851-860.  



[52] KEOGH K,WATERS S M,KELLY A K,et al.Effect of feed restriction and subsequent re-alimentation on hormones and genes of the somatotropic axis in cattle[J].Physiological Genomics,2015,47(7):264-273.  



[53] LI Z H,KANG S K,JIN Y C,et al.Responses to administration of growth hormone releasing hormone and glucose in steers receiving stair-step and extended restriction on feeding[J].Livestock Science,2012,150(1/2/3):229-235.



[54] LUCY M C.Mechanisms linking the somatotropic axis with insulin:lessons from the postpartum dairy cow[C]//Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production.Hamilton:New Zealand Society of Animal Production,2004,64:24-29.



[55] BELL A W.Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(9):2804-2819.  
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2