动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 2: 681 - 691

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.02.024

反刍与草食动物营养 Ruminant and herbivore nutrition

不同物候期牧草对放牧牦牛瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物多样性的影响

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  • 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008;
    2. 中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 西宁 810008;
    3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
马力(1988-),女,青海互助人,博士研究生,研究方向为动物生态学。E-mail:hdhz.mary@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-07-21

  网络出版日期: 2019-02-18

基金资助

中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA20050104）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0502301，2016YFC0501905）；青海省科技支撑项目（2019-SF-149，2019-SF-153）；青海省创新平台建设专项（2017-ZJ-Y20）

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Effects of Forage Grass in Different Phenological Periods on Ruminal Environment Parameters and Rumen Microbial Diversity of Free-Range Yak (Bos grunniens)

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  • 1. Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China;
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2018-07-21

  Online published: 2019-02-18

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摘要

本试验在测定不同物候期牧草营养价值的基础上，研究不同物候期牧草对放牧牦牛瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物多样性的影响。分别于返青期、青草期和枯草期采集牧草样品，测定牧草常规营养成分含量。选取平均体重为（108.06±2.86）kg的10只3岁全年放牧的健康青藏高原牦牛（公母各5只）进行序号标记，分别在返青期、青草期和枯草期清晨放牧前空腹经口腔采集瘤胃液，用于分析瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物多样性。结果显示：牧草中粗蛋白质含量在青草期显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05），中性洗涤纤维含量在枯草期高于青草期和返青期（P>0.05）。瘤胃液氨态氮、乙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量均在青草期最高；瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸含量在枯草期显著低于青草期和返青期（P<0.05）。不同物候期牧草对瘤胃微生物多样性有影响，青草期瘤胃微生物多样性及丰富度最低。拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）及普雷沃氏菌属1（Prevotella_1）的相对丰度在3个物候期均较高；青草期厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）；在种水平上，瘤胃微生物以纤维素降解菌为主。由此得出，不同物候期牧草常规营养成分含量存在差异，不同物候期牧草常规营养成分含量的变化引起了牦牛瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物多样性的变化；青草期瘤胃液氨态氮及总挥发性脂肪酸含量最高，在枯草期瘤胃液总挥发性性脂肪酸含量下降，能量源减少，因此在枯草期应对放牧牦牛进行补饲才能保证牦牛生长。

关键词： 牧草; 物候期; 营养成分; 瘤胃内环境; 瘤胃微生物

本文引用格式

马力, 徐世晓, 刘宏金, 徐田伟, 胡林勇, 赵娜, 张晓玲, 韩学平 . 不同物候期牧草对放牧牦牛瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物多样性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(2) : 681 -691 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.02.024

Abstract

This experiment was aimed to study the effects of forage grass in different phenological periods on ruminal environment parameters and rumen microbial diversity of free-range yak (Bos grunniens) based on the measurement of nutritive value of forage grass in different phenological periods. The forage grass samples were collected during the regreen stage, grassy stage and withering stage, and the common nutrient contents were determined. Ten healthy year-round free-range Qinghai and Tibetan plateau yak (5 males and females) with the body weight of (108.06±2.86) kg and at the age of 3 years were marked, and the rumen fluids of them were collected via oral cavity before free-range with empty stomach in regreen stage, grassy stage and withering stage to measured the ruminal environment parameters and rumen microbial diversity, respectively. The results showed as follows:the crude protein content of forage grass in grassy stage was significantly higher than that in regreen stage and withering stage (P<0.05), and the neutral detergent fiber content of forage grass in withering stage was higher than that in grassy stage and regreen stage (P>0.05). The contents of ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, total volatile acid reached the highest values in the grassy stage, and the content of total volatile fatty acids in withering stage was significantly lower than that in grassy stage and regreen stage (P<0.05). Different phenological periods had effects on rumen microbial diversity. Rumen microbial richness and diversity were the lowest in grassy stage. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Prevotella_1 were all higher in the three phenological periods. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in grassy stage was significantly higher than that in regreen stage and withering stage (P<0.05). The rumen microbe mainly on cellulose degradation bacteria at species level. The bacteria detected were mainly cellulose degradation bacteria. Thus, the common nutrient contents of forage grass are different in different phenological periods, and the changes of common nutrient contents of forage grass in different phenological periods are the factors that resulted in the changes in rumen environment parameters and rumen microbial diversity of yak, the contents of ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid are the highest in grassy stage, but the content of total volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid has decreased in withering stage, therefore it is necessary for yak to have supplementary feeding in withering stage to maintain their growth cause of the reducing energy source.

Key words： forage grass; phenological period; nutrient; ruminal environment; rumen microbe

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