水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

复合动植物蛋白质源替代鱼粉对青鱼幼鱼形体指标、组织脂肪酸组成、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响

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  • 1. 宁波大学海洋学院, 宁波大学应用海洋生物学教育部重点实验室, 宁波 315211;
    2. 湖州师范学院生命科学学院, 浙江省水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究重点实验室, 湖州 313000
林一帆(1994-),男,浙江温州人,硕士研究生,从事水生动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail:734829347@qq.com

收稿日期: 2018-07-31

  网络出版日期: 2019-02-18

基金资助

现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CAR-45-11);浙江省公益技术应用研究(分析测试)项目(2017C37081);浙江省湖州市"南太湖精英计划"领军型创新团队项目(2015)

Effects of Fish Meal Replacement by Animal and Plant Protein Mixture on Morphology Indexes, Tissue Fatty Acid Composition, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Hepatic Histology of Juvenile Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)

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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
    2. College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China

Received date: 2018-07-31

  Online published: 2019-02-18

摘要

本试验旨在研究不同比例复合动植物蛋白质源替代鱼粉对青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)幼鱼形体指标、全鱼和肌肉常规营养组成、脂肪酸组成、血清生化指标和肝脏组织形态的影响。将肉骨粉和酵母发酵豆粕按重量1∶1的比例组成复合蛋白质源,分别替代0(对照组)、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉蛋白质,并配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料(各组分别记为D0、D20、D40、D60、D80和D100)。选取平均体重为(8.50±0.11)g的青鱼幼鱼720尾,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。每组分别投喂以上6种试验饲料,并在室内循环水系统中进行60 d的养殖试验。结果表明:1)各试验组肥满度与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。D80和D100组肝体指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。D20、D40和D60组的特定生长率与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)D40、D60、D80、D100组全鱼和肌肉的粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)随着饲料中鱼粉被替代比例的增加,全鱼中C20∶5n-3和C22∶6n-3含量逐渐减少,且各试验组与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05);同时全鱼中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量也逐渐下降。4)随着饲料中鱼粉被替代比例的增加,肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量逐渐减少,各试验组肌肉中C22∶6n-3、PUFA和n-3PUFA含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)D80和D100组血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。D40、D60、D80和D100组的血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。6)通过肝脏组织学观察发现,当饲料中鱼粉被替代比例超过20%时,会出现肝脏损伤,且更高的替代比例会加重肝脏损伤。综合以上指标,本研究认为肉骨粉和酵母发酵豆粕复合后可替代20%的鱼粉,而不影响组织脂肪酸组成和肝功能。

本文引用格式

林一帆, 邵仙萍, 金燕, 张易祥, 吴成龙, 王春琳, 叶金云 . 复合动植物蛋白质源替代鱼粉对青鱼幼鱼形体指标、组织脂肪酸组成、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(2) : 732 -745 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.02.030

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of fish meal (FM) replacement by animal and plant protein mixture (APPM) in diets on morphology indexes, routine nutritional composition and fatty acid composition of whole body and muscle, serum biochemical indexes and liver histology of juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets replacing 0 (control), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of FM protein by APPM[meat and bone meal (MBM):yeast fermented soybean meal (FSBM)=1:1] were formulated; the diets were named D0 (control), D20, D40, D60, D80 and D100, respectively. A total of 720 black carp with an initial body weight of (8.50±0.11) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 black carp per replicate, and were fed the experimental diets three times daily to apparent satiety for 60 days. The results showed as follows:1) the condition factor (CF) exhibited no significant difference between experimental groups and control group (P>0.05). The hepatosomatic index (HIS) in D80 and D100 groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) between D20, D40 and D60 groups and control group (P>0.05). 2) The crude lipid content of whole body and muscle was significantly higher than that in D40, D60, D80, D100 groups (P<0.05). 3) With the increasing replacement ratio of FM, the contents of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 decreased, and there were significant differences between experimental groups and control group (P<0.05); at the same time, the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased gradually. 4) With the increasing replacement ratio of FM, saturated fatty acids (SFA) content in muscle decreased gradually, the contents of C22:6n-3, PUFA and n-3PUFA in experimental groups had no significant differences compared with the control group (P>0.05). 5) The activity of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) in serum in D80 and D100 groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the content of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum in D40, D60, D80 and D100 groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the content of high density liporotein (HDL) was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). 6) Histological observation of the liver revealed that more than 20% replacement ratio of FM caused liver injury, and higher replacement ratio would worsen liver injury. Overall, up to 20% of FM can be replaced by MBM and FSBM without significantly affecting whole body and muscle fatty acid composition and liver function of juvenile black carp.

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