[1] KONSTANTINOV S R,SMIDT H,AKKERMANS A D,et al.Feeding of
Lactobacillus sobrius reduces
Escherichia coli F4 levels in the gut and promotes growth of infected piglets[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2008,66(3):599-607.

[2] HU S L,WANG L,JIANG Z Y.Dietary additive probiotics modulation of the intestinal microbiota[J].Protein & Peptide Letters,2017,24(5):382-387.

[3] SIGGERS R H,SIGGERS J,BOYE M,et al.Early administration of probiotics alters bacterial colonization and limits diet-induced gut dysfunction and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2008,138(8):1437-1444.

[4] LIU H,ZHANG J,ZHANG S H,et al.Oral administration of
Lactobacillus fermentum I5007 favors intestinal development and alters the intestinal microbiota in formula-fed piglets[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2014,62(4):860-866.

[5] DEMECKOVÁ V,KELLY D,COUTTS A G P,et al.The effect of fermented liquid feeding on the faecal microbiology and colostrum quality of farrowing sows[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2002,79(1/2):85-97.
[6] MORAN C A,SCHOLTEN R H,TRICARICO J M,et al.Fermentation of wheat:effects of backslopping different proportions of pre-fermented wheat on the microbial and chemical composition[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2006,60(2):158-169.

[7] CASEY P G,GARDINER G E,CASEY G,et al.A five-strain probiotic combination reduces pathogen shedding and alleviates disease signs in pigs challenged with
salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(6):1858-1863.

[8] QIAO J Y,LI H H,WANG Z X,et al.Effects of
Lactobacillus acidophilus dietary supplementation on the performance,intestinal barrier function,rectal microflora and serum immune function in weaned piglets challenged with
Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide[J].Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek,2015,107(4):883-891.

[9] PAJARILLO E A B,CHAE J P,BALOLONG M P,et al.Characterization of the fecal microbial communities of duroc pigs using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(4):584-591.

[10] BÖHMER B M,KRAMER W,ROTH-MAIER D A.Dietary probiotic supplementation and resulting effects on performance,health status,and microbial characteristics of primiparous sows[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2006,90(7/8):309-315.
[11] TARAS D,VAHJEN W,MACHA M,et al.Performance,diarrhea incidence,and occurrence of
Escherichia coli virulence genes during long-term administration of a probiotic
Enterococcus faecium strain to sows and piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(3):608-617.

[12] TARAS D,VAHJEN W,MACHA M,et al.Response of performance characteristics and fecal consistency to long-lasting dietary supplementation with the probiotic strain
Bacillus cereus var. toyoi to sows and piglets[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2005,59(6):405-417.

[13] CHE L Q,XU Q,WU C,et al.Effects of dietary live yeast supplementation on growth performance,diarrhoea severity,intestinal permeability and immunological parameters of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli K88[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2017,118(11):949-958.

[14] 张丽.新型酵母培养物的制备及其对断奶仔猪生长性能、表观消化率和粪便微生物的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[15] DI GIANCAMILLO A,VITARI F,SAVOINI G,et al.Effects of orally administered probiotic
Pediococcus acidilactici on the small and large intestine of weaning piglets.A qualitative and quantitative micro-anatomical study[J].Histology and Histopathology,2008,23(6):651-664.
[16] REUNANEN J,KAINULAINEN V,HUUSKONEN L,et al.
Akkermansia muciniphila adheres to enterocytes and strengthens the integrity of the epithelial cell layer[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2015,81(11):3655-3662.

[17] CHAFFANEL F,CHARRON-BOURGOIN F,SOLIGOT C,et al.Surface proteins involved in the adhesion of
Streptococcus salivarius to human intestinal epithelial cells[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2018,102(6):2851-2865.

[18] CAZORLA S I,MALDONADO-GALDEANO C,WEILL R,et al.Oral administration of probiotics increases Paneth cells and intestinal antimicrobial activity[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2018,9:736.
[19] SZABÍ I,WIELER L H,TEDIN K,et al.Influence of a probiotic strain of
Enterococcus faecium on
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium DT104 infection in a porcine animal infection model[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(9):2621-2628.

[20] RUIZ P A,HOFFMANN M,SZCESNY S,et al.Innate mechanisms for
Bifidobacterium lactis to activate transient pro-inflammatory host responses in intestinal epithelial cells after the colonization of germ-free rats[J].Immunology,2005,115(4):441-450.

[21] ZANELLO G,BERRI M,DUPONT J,et al.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae modulates immune gene expressions and inhibits ETEC-mediated ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells[J].PLoS One,2011,6(4):e18573.
[22] LEVINE B,KLIONSKY D J.Development by self-digestion:molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy[J].Developmental Cell,2004,6(4):463-477.

[23] ZHANG L,XU Y Q,LIU H Y,et al.Evaluation of
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG using an
Escherichia coli K88 model of piglet diarrhoea:effects on diarrhoea incidence,faecal microflora and immune responses[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2010,141(1/2):142-148.
[24] SIRICHOKCHATCHAWAN W,PUPA P,PRAECHANSRI P,et al.Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria isolated from pig faeces in Thailand show probiotic properties and antibacterial activity against enteric pathogenic bacteria[J].Microbial Pathogenesis,2018,119:208-215.
[25] LAN R X,LEE S I,KIM I H.Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles,faecal microbial shedding,faecal score and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2016,100(6):1130-1138.

[26] KREUZER S,JANCZYK P,ABMUS J,et al.No beneficial effects evident for
Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 in weaned pigs infected with
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(14):4816-4825.

[27] KIM E Y,KIM Y H,RHEE M H,et al.Selection of
Lactobacillus sp. PSC101 that produces active dietary enzymes such as amylase,lipase,phytase and protease in pigs[J].The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology,2007,53(2):111-117.

[28] LIU W C,DEVI S,PARK J,et al.Effects of complex probiotic supplementation in growing pig diets with and without palm kernel expellers on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood parameters,fecal microbial shedding and noxious gas emission[J].Animal Science Journal,2018,89(3):552-560.

[29] 李方方,张慧,朱宇旌,等.微胶囊益生菌对肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].养猪,2016(5):9-12.
[30] HUANG C H,QIAO S Y,LI D F,et al.Effects of
Lactobacilli on the performance,diarrhea incidence,VFA concentration and gastrointestinal microbial flora of weaning pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2004,17(3):401-409.

[31] 史慧玲,杨福,郝晓鸣,等.不同的益生菌组合对保育猪粪污氮磷减排的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(10):24-27.
[32] LE BON M,DAVIES H E,GLYNN C,et al.Influence of probiotics on gut health in the weaned pig[J].Livestock Science,2010,133(1/2/3):179-181.
[33] LV C H,WANG T,REGMI N,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of selenium-enriched probiotics on production performance and intestinal microbiota of weanling piglets raised under high ambient temperature[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2015,99(6):1161-1171.

[34] GAN F,REN F,CHEN X X,et al.Effects of selenium-enriched probiotics on heat shock protein mRNA levels in piglet under heat stress conditions[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2013,61(10):2385-2391.

[35] ALEXOPOULOS C,GEORGOULAKIS I E,TZIVARA A,et al.Field evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing
Bacillus licheniformis and
Bacillus subtilis spores,on the health status and performance of sows and their litters[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2004,88(11/12):381-392.
[36] KHAFIPOUR E,MUNYAKA P M,NYACHOTI C M,et al.Effect of crowding stress and
Escherichia coli K88
+ challenge in nursery pigs supplemented with anti-
Escherichia coli K88
+ probiotics[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(5):2017-2029.

[37] MENG Q W,YAN L,AO X,et al.Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,meat quality,and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(10):3320-3326.

[38] DAVIS M E,PARROTT T,BROWN D C,et al.Effect of a
Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial feed supplement on growth performance and pen cleaning characteristics of growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(6):1459-1467.

[39] 呼红梅,林松,武英,等.饲粮添加益生菌对猪生长性能和肉品质的影响[J].养猪,2017(2):50-53.
[40] DOWARAH R,VERMA A K,AGARWAL N,et al.Efficacy of species-specific probiotic
Pediococcus acidilactici FT28 on blood biochemical profile,carcass traits and physicochemical properties of meat in fattening pigs[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2018,117:60-64.
[41] SUO C,YIN Y S,WANG X N,et al.Effects of
Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 on pig growth and pork quality[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2012,8:89.
[42] ZEYNER A,BOLDT E.Effects of a probiotic
Enterococcus faecium strain supplemented from birth to weaning on diarrhoea patterns and performance of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2006,90(1/2):25-31.
[43] 何佳,李慧,曾新福,等.复合益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物菌群和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2017(18):21-24.
[44] 吴宁,杨加梅,张旭,等.中草药、益生菌、酸化剂联合添加替代抗生素在保育猪阶段的研究[J].饲料工业,2013(16):13-15.
[45] 王艳,皮斌,张三军.益生菌发酵饲料对仔猪生长和免疫功能的影响[J].兽医导刊,2018(3):18-19.
[46] 段明房,胡红伟,闫凌鹏,等.中草药益生菌复合制剂对生长猪血液常规、血清生化和血清免疫指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2018(3):54-59.
[47] JEONG J S,KIM I H.Effect of probiotic bacteria-fermented medicinal plants (
Gynura procumbens,Rehmannia glutinosa,Scutellaria baicalensis) as performance enhancers in growing pigs[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(6):603-609.

[48] INATOMI T,AMATATSU M,ROMERO-PÉREZ G A,et al.Dietary probiotic compound improves reproductive performance of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-infected sows reared in a Japanese commercial swine farm under vaccine control condition[J].Front Immunol,2017,8:1877.