本试验旨在研究高产纤维分解酶黑曲霉诱变选育与发酵条件优化。通过对黑曲霉X1诱变选育（紫外、硫酸二乙酯、紫外-硫酸二乙酯复合诱变），获得产纤维分解酶能力强的突变菌黑曲霉，并对其产酶发酵条件和水解秸秆能力进行研究。结果表明，黑曲霉X1经紫外、硫酸二乙酯及紫外-硫酸二乙酯复合诱变，筛选出1株产酶能力高的突变菌黑曲霉X1U4-1；与原菌相比，突变菌滤纸酶活性提高了66.7%，β-葡萄糖苷酶活性提高了22.3%，木聚糖酶活性提高了3.8%，还原糖含量（12 h）提高了6.8%。黑曲霉X1U4-1最适发酵产酶条件为发酵时间72 h，玉米芯：麸皮=3：7，接种量1.2 mL，硫酸铵浓度4%；在此条件下，滤纸酶活性达到0.77 U/g，纤维素酶活性达到93.80 U/g，木聚糖酶活性达到9 383.18 U/g。本研究表明，采用紫外-硫酸二乙酯复合诱变可有效改善黑曲霉产酶性能和水解秸秆能力。

This experiment was conducted to study the mutagenesis breeding and optimal fermentation condition optimization of high yield fiber decomposition enzyme of Aspergillus niger. High cellulose decomposition enzyme of mutant strain was obtained through the mutagenesis breeding (ultraviolet, diethyl sulfate and ultraviolet-diethyl sulfate compound mutagenesis) of Aspergillus niger X1, and the fermentation conditions of enzyme production and the hydrolysis ability of straw were studied. The results showed that a mutant strain of Aspergillus niger X1U4-1 was selected through ultraviolet, diethyl sulfate and ultraviolet-diethyl sulfate compound mutagenesis of the original strain of Aspergillus niger X1; compared with the original strain, the filter paper enzyme activity increased by 66.7%, the β-glucosidase activity increased by 22.3%, the xylanase activity increased by 3.8% and the reducing sugar content (12 h) increased by 6.8% in mutant strain. The optimization of fermentation condition of Aspergillus niger X1U4-1 was that fermentation time was 84 h, corn kernel:bran=3:7, inoculation quantity was 1.2 mL, ammonium sulphate concentration was 4%; in this condition, the filter paper enzyme activity reached 0.77 U/g, cellulase activity reached 93.80 U/g, xylanase activity reached 9 383.18 U/g. This study shows that the mutagenesis of ultraviolet-diethyl sulfuric acid is effective in mutagenesis breeding of Aspergillus niger, thus to improve enzyme producing ability and straw hydrolysis capacity.