饲料中添加虾青素对锦鲤生长、体色、抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响

王军辉; 熊建利; 张东洋; 任洪涛; 张春暖

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.09.026

动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 9: 4144 - 4151

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.09.026

水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

饲料中添加虾青素对锦鲤生长、体色、抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响

王军辉 ,
熊建利 ,
张东洋 ,
任洪涛 ,
张春暖

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河南科技大学动物科技学院, 洛阳 471003

王军辉(1986-),男,河南周口人,硕士研究生,从事水产动物营养与饲料的研究。E-mail:657509149@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-02-14

网络出版日期: 2019-09-17

基金资助

河南科技大学大学生研究训练计划（SRTP）项目（2019401）；河南省教育厅高校重点项目（17020014）

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Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Growth, Body Color, Antioxidant Capability and Immunity of Kio Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

WANG Junhui ,
XIONG Jianli ,
ZHANG Dongyang ,
REN Hongtao ,
ZHANG Chunnuan

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College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China

Received date: 2019-02-14

Online published: 2019-09-17

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同添加量的虾青素对锦鲤生长、体色、抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响。将540尾红白锦鲤随机分为6组（每组3个重复，每个重复放30尾鱼），分别投喂虾青素添加量为0（对照）、200、400、600、800和1 000 mg/kg的饲料8周。结果显示：随着虾青素添加量的增加，锦鲤增重率和特定生长率先升高后降低，饲料系数先降低后升高，在400 mg/kg组饲料系数最低，增重率和特定生长率最高，与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）；200和400 mg/kg组体色中的红度（a^*）值显著高于对照组和800 mg/kg组（P<0.05），其他添加组与对照组并无显著差异（P>0.05）；体色中的黄度（b^*）值和皮肤中类胡萝卜素含量随着虾青素添加量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势，在400 mg/kg组达到最大，且显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；体色中的亮度（L^*）值各组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）；400 mg/kg组肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性以及血清中溶菌酶（LZM）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性以及补体3（C3）、补体4（C4）含量均最高，且显著高于对照组和1 000 mg/kg组（除ACP活性）（P<0.05）；400和600 mg/kg组肝脏总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著高于对照组以及800和1 000 mg/kg组（P<0.05）；肝脏丙二醛（MDA）含量则在400 mg/kg组最低，且200、400、600 mg/kg组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。由此得出，在饲料中添加适量的虾青素可提高锦鲤的生长性能，有效改善体色，增强肝脏抗氧化能力和机体免疫力；综合分析各指标，推荐锦鲤饲料中虾青素的添加量为400 mg/kg。

关键词： 虾青素; 锦鲤; 体色; 免疫; 抗氧化

本文引用格式

王军辉 , 熊建利 , 张东洋 , 任洪涛 , 张春暖 . 饲料中添加虾青素对锦鲤生长、体色、抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(9) : 4144 -4151 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.09.026

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different supplemental levels of astaxanthin on growth, body color, antioxidant capability and immunity of kio carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). A total of 540 red-white koi carp were randomly distributed into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. Fish in the six groups were fed diets containing 0 (control), 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1 000 mg/kg astaxanthin for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased firstly and then decreased with the supplemental level of astaxanthin increasing, while the feed conversion rate (FCR) showed the opposite trend. Fish fed the diet containing 400 mg/kg astaxanthin showed the lowest FCR and highest WGR and SGR, which were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The redness (a^*) value of body color in 200 and 400 mg/kg groups was significantly higher than that in control group and 800 mg/kg group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between control group and other supplementation groups (P>0.05). The yellowness (b^*) value of body color and the content of carotenoid in skin were firstly increased and then decreased with the supplemental level of astaxanthin increasing, the 400 mg/kg group showed the highest value and it was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the lightness (L^*) value of body color among groups (P>0.05). Fish fed 400 mg/kg astaxanthin had the highest values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in liver and lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities and complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4) contents in serum, which were significantly higher than those in control group and 1 000 mg/kg group (except of ACP activity) (P<0.05). Liver total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in 400 and 600 mg/kg groups was significantly higher than that in control group and 800, 1 000 mg/kg groups (P<0.05). However, the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed the lowest value in 400 mg/kg group, and it in 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Those results demonstrate that the diet supplemented with appropriate amount of astaxanthin can increase the growth performance, effectively improve the body color, and enhance the liver antioxidant capability and immunity of kio carp. By comprehensive comparison, the astaxanthin supplemental level of 400 mg/kg is recommended in the diet of kio carp.

Key words： astaxanthin; kio carp (Cyprinus carpio L.); body color; immune; antioxidant

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