猪与禽营养 Swine and poultry nutrition

大约克猪肠道不同部位的菌群结构和短链脂肪酸含量研究

  • 徐娥 ,
  • 杨华 ,
  • 刘秀婷 ,
  • 任敏敏 ,
  • 申露露 ,
  • 吕文涛 ,
  • 肖英平
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  • 1. 贵州大学动物科学学院, 贵阳 550025;
    2. 浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所, 杭州 310021
徐娥(1978-),女,湖北巴东人,副教授,博士,研究方向为单胃动物营养与饲料。E-mail:exu@gzu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2019-03-06

  网络出版日期: 2019-10-17

基金资助

贵州大学博士基金(2012021);金华市科学技术局农业类重点项目(2016-2-001);贵州省中药现代化科技产业研究开发专项项目(20135029)

Study on Bacterial Community Structure and Short Chain Fatty Acid Content in Different Parts of Intestines of Yorkshire Pigs

  • XU E ,
  • YANG Hua ,
  • LIU Xiuting ,
  • REN Minmin ,
  • SHEN Lulu ,
  • LYU Wentao ,
  • XIAO Yingping
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  • 1. College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
    2. Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received date: 2019-03-06

  Online published: 2019-10-17

摘要

本试验旨在研究大约克猪肠道不同部位的菌群结构和短链脂肪酸(SCFA)含量的异同。试验选取3头体重为(121.00±2.89)kg的180日龄大约克母猪,采集其十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠内容物,提取微生物基因组DNA进行高通量测序分析其菌群结构,并测定SCFA含量。结果表明:从十二指肠至结肠中细菌总数、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)均在显著增加(P<0.05)。相对于十二指肠、空肠和回肠,盲肠和结肠的菌群物种组成更丰富,多样性及均匀程度更高(P<0.05)。在门水平上,厚壁菌门在各肠段菌群中均占绝对优势,相对丰度其次的门在十二指肠、空肠和回肠中为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),而在盲肠和结肠中为拟杆菌门;在属水平上,厚壁菌门的乳杆菌属、SMB53、梭菌属(Clostridium)以及变形菌门的弧菌属(Vibrio)为十二指肠、空肠和回肠中相对丰度较高的属;而厚壁菌门的乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、SMB53、链球菌属(Streptococcus)以及拟杆菌门的普氏菌属(Prevotella)是盲肠和结肠中相对丰度较高的属。相比于十二指肠、空肠和回肠,盲肠和结肠中的乳杆菌属、弧菌属、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),而瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、普氏菌属、粪球菌属(Coprococcus)、颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)、罗氏菌属(Roseburia)、毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)和粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)等SCFA产生菌的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。beta多样性分析表明,十二指肠、空肠和回肠中的菌群结构相似性较高,盲肠和结肠两者之间菌群相似度较高,且与小肠段显著不同(P<0.05),同时盲肠和结肠内容物中的SCFA含量显著高于小肠段(P<0.05)。由此可见,大约克猪小肠和大肠中的菌群结构存在显著差异,小肠中以厚壁菌门和变形菌门为主,大肠中菌群以厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为主。大肠段拟杆菌属、普氏菌属、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、罗氏菌属、密螺旋体属(Treponema)和瘤胃球菌属等典型SCFA产生菌的相对丰度较高,同时其SCFA含量也较高,二者呈显著正相关。

本文引用格式

徐娥 , 杨华 , 刘秀婷 , 任敏敏 , 申露露 , 吕文涛 , 肖英平 . 大约克猪肠道不同部位的菌群结构和短链脂肪酸含量研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(10) : 4509 -4518 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.014

Abstract

This experiment was to study the similarities and differences of bacterial community structure and short chain fatty acid content in different parts of intestines of Yorkshire pigs. Three Yorkshire pigs of 180 days old weighing (121.00±2.89) kg were selected, and the contents in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon were collected. Then the microbial genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced by Illumina Hiseq sequencing platform with high throughput to analyze the flora structure, and the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) content was determined. The results indicated that total bacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly increased from duodenum to colon (P<0.05). The cecum and colon showed richer bacteria flora species composition, higher diversity and uniformity compared with duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Firmicutes dominated the intestinal flora, followed by Proteobacteria in duodenum, jejunum and ileum and Bacteroidetes in cecum and colon at the phylum level. Lactobacillus, SMB53, Clostridium in Firmicutes and Vibrio in Proteobacteria were the most abundant genera in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and Lactobacillus, SMB53, Streptococcus in Firmicutes and Prevotella in Bacteroidetes were the most abundant genera in cecum and colon at the genus level. Compared with duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Vibrio, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter in cecum and colon was decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of bacteria that produce SCFA such as Ruminococus, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Oscillospira, Roseburia, Lachnospira and Faecalibacterium was increased significantly (P<0.05). The beta diversity analysis showed that the similar of bacterial community structure in duodenum, jejunum and ileum was relatively high, and the similar of bacterial community structure in cecum and colon was relatively high which was significantly different from that in small intestine (P<0.05). Meanwhile, SCFA content in cecum and colon was significantly higher than that in small intestine (P<0.05). Therefore, the bacterial community structure in the small intestine and large intestine of Yorkshire pigs is significantly different. In the small intestine, the main bacterial floras are Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while in the large intestine, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are dominant. Large intestine has high relative abundance of typical SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides, Prevotella, Weissella, Roseburia, Treponema and Ruminococcus and high SCFA content, and there is a significant positive correlation between them.

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