凡纳滨对虾幼虾胆碱需要量的研究

安文强; 何昊伦; 董晓慧; 谭北平; 杨奇慧; 迟淑艳; 刘泓宇; 章双; 杨原志

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.025

动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 10: 4612 - 4621

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.025

水产营养 Aquaculture Nutrition

凡纳滨对虾幼虾胆碱需要量的研究

安文强 ,
何昊伦 ,
董晓慧 ,
谭北平 ,
杨奇慧 ,
迟淑艳 ,
刘泓宇 ,
章双 ,
杨原志

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1. 广东海洋大学水产学院, 水产动物营养与饲料实验室, 湛江 524088;
2. 广东省水产动物精准营养与高效饲料工程技术研究中心, 湛江 524088;
3. 农业部华南水产与畜禽饲料重点实验室, 湛江 524000

安文强(1993-),男,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail:anwenqiang0314@163.com

收稿日期: 2019-03-29

网络出版日期: 2019-10-17

基金资助

广东省科技计划项目（2015A020209170）；渔港建设和渔业产业发展专项（A201608C06）；湛江市财政资金科技专项竞争性分配项目（2016A3022）；现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-47）

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Choline Requirement of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

AN Wenqiang ,
HE Haolun ,
DONG Xiaohui ,
TAN Beiping ,
YANG Qihui ,
CHI Shuyan ,
LIU Hongyu ,
ZHANG Shuang ,
YANG Yuanzhi

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1. Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
2. Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China

Received date: 2019-03-29

Online published: 2019-10-17

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲料胆碱水平对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）幼虾生长性能、体成分、组织胆碱含量、血清生化指标及肝胰腺抗氧化能力的影响，以确定凡纳滨对虾幼虾胆碱适宜需要量。在基础饲料中分别添加0（对照）、1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000、5 000 mg/kg氯化胆碱，配制6种试验饲料，饲料中胆碱实际水平分别为9.30（对照）、980.67、1 985.42、2 991.63、3 987.27、4 988.69 mg/kg。挑选规格均匀、健壮、活力强的对虾[初重（0.40±0.01）g]960尾，随机分配到6组，每组4个重复，每个重复40尾虾，养殖期8周。结果表明：1）饲料胆碱水平显著影响对虾增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）、饲料系数（FCR）及存活率（SR）（P<0.05）；2 991.63 mg/kg组SGR及SR显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。2）饲料胆碱水平对虾体水分及粗蛋白质（CP）含量无显著影响（P>0.05）；虾体粗脂肪（EE）含量随着饲料胆碱水平的升高呈逐渐下降的趋势，对照组显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。3）对虾肝胰腺及肌肉胆碱含量随着饲料胆碱水平（980.67~3 987.27 mg/kg）的增加而升高，显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。4）饲料中添加不同水平（1 985.42~4 988.69 mg/kg）胆碱均显著降低了对虾血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）活性（P<0.05）。随着饲料胆碱水平的提高，血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（T-CHOL）及总蛋白（TP）含量均呈现先上升后趋于稳定的趋势。5）饲料胆碱水平对肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性无显著影响（P>0.05）。4 988.69 mg/kg组肝胰腺丙二醛（MDA）含量达到最小值，显著低于对照组和980.67 mg/kg组（P<0.05），但与其他组差异不显著（P>0.05）。在本试验条件下，以WGR为判断依据，通过二次回归曲线分析得出：当饲料脂肪水平为8%时，凡纳滨对虾幼虾胆碱适宜需要量为2 965.97 mg/kg。

关键词： 凡纳滨对虾; 胆碱; 生长性能; 体成分; 血清生化指标; 抗氧化能力

本文引用格式

安文强 , 何昊伦 , 董晓慧 , 谭北平 , 杨奇慧 , 迟淑艳 , 刘泓宇 , 章双 , 杨原志 . 凡纳滨对虾幼虾胆碱需要量的研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(10) : 4612 -4621 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.025

Abstract

This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary choline levels on the growth performance, body composition, tissue choline content, serum biochemical indexes and hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei, in order to determine the optimum requirement of choline of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Choline chloride was added to a basal diet to formulate six experimental diets with the adding levels of 0 (control), 1 000, 2 000, 3 000, 4 000 and 5 000 mg/kg, which contained 9.30, 980.67, 1 985.42, 2 991.63, 3 987.27, and 4 498.69 mg/kg choline, respectively. A total of 960 healthy and strong shrimps with an initial weight of (0.40±0.01) g were selected and divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 40 shrimps per replicate. Breeding period was 8 weeks. The results showed as follows:1) the dietary choline levels significantly affected the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed coefficient (FCR) and survival rate (SR) of shrimp (P<0.05); SGR and SR in the 2 991.63 mg/kg group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). 2) Dietary choline levels had no significant effect on moisture and crude protein (CP) contents of whole body (P>0.05). The ether extract (EE) content of whole body decreased gradually with the increase of dietary choline levels, and the control group was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). 3) The choline content in hepatopancreas and muscle of shrimp increased with the increase of dietary choline levels (980.67 to 3 987.27 mg/kg), which was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the dietary choline levels (1 985.42 to 4 988.69 mg/kg) significantly decreased the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) activities of shrimp (P<0.05). With the increase of dietary choline levels, the contents of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHOL) and total protein (TP) increased firstly and then stabilized. 5) Dietary choline levels had no significant effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) reached the minimum in the 4 498.69 mg/kg group, which was significantly lower than that in the control group and 980.67 mg/kg group (P<0.05), which was not significantly different from the other groups (P>0.05). Under the experimental conditions, based on WGR and the quadratic curve analysis, it is concluded that when the dietary lipid levels is 8% and the optimum choline levels is 2 965.97 mg/kg for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei.

Key words： Litopenaeus vannamei; choline; growth performance; body composition; serum biochemical indexes; antioxidant capacity

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