饲用甜菜对泌乳奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响

张子霄; 张舒; 卢娜; 张连国; 刘琼; 王雅晶; 李胜利; 余雄

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.044

动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 10: 4784 - 4792

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.044

饲料科学与技术 Feed science and technology

饲用甜菜对泌乳奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响

张子霄 ,
张舒 ,
卢娜 ,
张连国 ,
刘琼 ,
王雅晶 ,
李胜利 ,
余雄

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1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 北京 100193;
3. 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
4. 北京市生鲜乳质量安全工程技术研究中心, 北京 100193;
5. 爱茵贝(北京)农业科技有限公司, 北京 101100;
6. 北京科沃施农业技术有限公司, 北京 100101

张子霄(1995-),男,山西忻州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:302563508@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-04-08

网络出版日期: 2019-10-17

基金资助

农产品质量安全监管（畜牧）项目（131821301092361003）

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Effects of Feed Beet on Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Lactating Dairy Cows

ZHANG Zixiao ,
ZHANG Shu ,
LU Na ,
ZHANG Lianguo ,
LIU Qiong ,
WANG Yajing ,
LI Shengli ,
YU Xiong

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1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China;
4. Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, Beijing 100193, China;
5. Beijing Aiyinbei Agri-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 101100, China;
6. Beijing KWS Agri-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China

Received date: 2019-04-08

Online published: 2019-10-17

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲用甜菜对泌乳奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响。选取60头泌乳天数在（150±19）d、产奶量（30.3±3.8）kg的健康荷斯坦奶牛，随机分成4组，每组15头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验Ⅰ组使用饲用甜菜+全株玉米混贮替代100%全株玉米青贮和部分精料，试验Ⅱ组使用饲用甜菜+苜蓿干草混贮替代30%全株玉米青贮和部分精料，试验Ⅲ组使用新鲜饲用甜菜替代50%全株玉米青贮和部分精料。预试期15 d，正试期60 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组干物质采食量显著增加（P<0.05），试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组产奶量分别增加了1.23、0.72和0.21 kg（P>0.05）。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组乳脂率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。各组之间乳蛋白率、乳糖率、体细胞数和饲料转化率均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组血清非酯化脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。各组之间其他各项血清生化指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。3）试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组干物质表观消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05），试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组中性洗涤纤维表观消化率和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。4）相比对照组，试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组饲料成本分别降低了0.07、0.03和0.02元/kg，可多盈利4.75、0.21和1.77元/（d·头）。综上所述，饲粮中添加饲用甜菜可提高营养物质表观消化率和干物质采食量，有增加牛奶产量的趋势，可提高牧场经济效益，并且不会对奶牛健康造成不良影响。

关键词： 泌乳奶牛; 饲用甜菜; 血清生化指标; 生产性能

本文引用格式

张子霄 , 张舒 , 卢娜 , 张连国 , 刘琼 , 王雅晶 , 李胜利 , 余雄 . 饲用甜菜对泌乳奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(10) : 4784 -4792 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.044

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed beet on performance, serum biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Sixty healthy Holstein dairy cows with lactation days (150±19) d and milk yield (30.3±3.8) kg were randomly divided into four groups with 15 cows per group. Cows in the control group were fed a basal diet, cows in trail group Ⅰ were fed the feed beet+whole corn mixed silage replacing 100% whole corn silage and partial concentrate, cows in trail group Ⅱ were fed the feed beet+alfalfa hay mixed silage replacing 30% whole corn silage and partial concentrate, and cows in trail group Ⅲ were fed the fresh feed beet replacing 50% whole corn silage and partial concentrate. The pre-experimental period lasted for 15 days, and the experimental period lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group, the dry matter intake of trail group Ⅰ, trail group Ⅱ and trail group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the milk yield of trail group Ⅰ, trail group Ⅱ and trail group Ⅲ was increased by 1.23, 0.72 and 0.21 kg (P>0.05), respectively. The milk fat percentage of trail group Ⅰ and trail group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of control group and trail group Ⅱ (P<0.05). There were no significant difference on milk protein percentage, lactose percentage, somatic cell count and feed efficiency among all groups (P>0.05). 2) The contents of non-esterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid in serum of trail group Ⅰ, trail group Ⅱ and trail group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference on other serum biochemical indices among all groups (P>0.05). 3) The dry matter apparent digestibility of trail group Ⅰ, trail group Ⅱ and trail group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the neutral detergent fibers apparent digestibility and acid detergent fiber apparent digestibility of trail group Ⅰ and trail group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the feed cost of trail group Ⅰ, trail group Ⅱ and trail group Ⅲ was decreased by 0.07, 0.03 and 0.02 RMB/kg, and gained 4.75, 0.21 and 1.77 RMB/(d·head), respectively. In conclusion, diets supplemented with feed beet can improve the nutrient apparent digestibility and dry matter intake, tend to increase the milk yield, improve the economic benefits of farms, and have no adverse effects on the health of dairy cows.

Key words： lactating dairy cows; feed beet; serum biochemical indices; performance

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