动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 10: 4802 - 4816

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.046

饲料科学与技术 Feed science and technology

纤维素分解菌的筛选及杏鲍菇菌糠混菌发酵条件的优化

  • 李佳腾 ,
  • 杨凡提 ,
  • 王世康 ,
  • 张恩平
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  • 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 杨凌 712100
李佳腾(1992-),男,河北石家庄人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:1205743011@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-03-29

  网络出版日期: 2019-10-17

基金资助

陕西省重点研发计划项目饲料产业创新链（201TSCXL-NY-04-02）；陕西省农业科技创新转化项目（NYKJ-2016-04）

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Screening of Cellulose-Degradation Strains and Condition Optimization of Mixed Strains Fermentation of Pleurotus eryngii Spent Mushroom Substrate

  • LI Jiateng ,
  • YANG Fanti ,
  • WANG Shikang ,
  • ZHANG Enping
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  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China

Received date: 2019-03-29

  Online published: 2019-10-17

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摘要

本试验旨在降低杏鲍菇菌糠中纤维素含量，提高其饲用品质。从杏鲍菇菌糠中筛选出纤维素分解菌，与酿酒酵母和乳酸片球菌组成复合菌剂对杏鲍菇菌糠进行混菌发酵，以中性洗涤纤维（NDF）降解率为响应值，通过Plackett-Burman试验设计，对影响杏鲍菇菌糠发酵品质的10个影响因子进行筛选，然后基于Plackett-Burman试验结果，设计最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken试验对影响因子进一步优化，建立杏鲍菇菌糠发酵模型，并通过求解回归方程得到发酵的最优条件。结果表明：1）试验筛选出3株纤维素分解优势菌株，分别是枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei），其中枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉为中华人民共和国农业部公布的《饲料添加剂品种目录（2013）》中可作为饲料添加剂的菌种，作为后续发酵试验菌种。2）通过响应面法优化得到杏鲍菇菌糠最佳发酵工艺为：枯草芽孢杆菌与黑曲霉体积比（X1）为1.94∶1.00，枯草芽孢杆菌与黑曲霉添加量为4.7%，麸皮添加量为10.4%，含水量为46.1%，发酵时间为8 d。在此条件下，模型预测的NDF降解率为21.86%，通过验证试验获得的NDF降解率为21.08%，与预测值差异不显著（P>0.05），NDF降解率比优化前提高了15.33%。3）在最优发酵条件下，杏鲍菇菌糠营养价值显著提高，混合菌液发酵组的干物质回收率、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量和乳酸菌活菌数显著高于杏鲍菇菌糠原料组和不加菌液发酵组（P<0.05），NDF、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量和pH显著低于鲍菇菌糠原料组和不加菌液发酵组（P<0.05），并且发酵显著降低黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的含量（P<0.05），但对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）的含量影响不显著（P>0.05），发酵前后3种真菌毒素的含量均符合我国公布的《饲料卫生标准》（GB 13078—2017）。通过响应面法优化纤维素分解菌的混菌发酵条件，能够显著降低杏鲍菇菌糠纤维素含量，提高饲用营养价值，且发酵前后，霉菌毒素含量均符合《饲料卫生标准》。

关键词： 杏鲍菇菌糠; 纤维素分解菌; 混菌发酵; 响应面法

本文引用格式

李佳腾 , 杨凡提 , 王世康 , 张恩平 . 纤维素分解菌的筛选及杏鲍菇菌糠混菌发酵条件的优化[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(10) : 4802 -4816 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.046

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to reduce the cellulose content in Pleurotus eryngii spent mushroom substrate (PESMS) and improve its feeding quality. The cellulose-degradation strains were screened out from PESMS, and mixed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pediococcus acidilactici to ferment PESMS. The 10 factors affecting the fermentation quality of PESMS were screened by Plackett-Burman design (PBD) with the response value of the degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Based on the PBD results, the steepest climbing test (SCT) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were designed to further optimize the influencing factors. The fermentation model of PESMS was established, and the optimal fermentation conditions were obtained by solving the regression equation. The results showed as follows:1) three cellulose-degradation strains were screened, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei. Among them, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger can be added as feed in the Catalogue of Feed Additives Varieties (2013) published by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, and were used as follow-up fermentation test strains. 2) Response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to optimize the fermentation process of PESMS. The optimum fermentation conditions were 1.94:1.00 for the volume ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Aspergillus Niger, 4.7% for the inoculation of cellulose-degradation dominant strains, 10.4% for the addition of bran, 46.1% for the moisture content, and the fermentation time was 8 days. Under these conditions, the degradation rate of NDF predicted by the model was 21.86%, and the degradation rate of NDF obtained by the validation test was 21.08%. There was no significant difference between the model and the predicted values (P>0.05), and the degradation rate of NDF increased by 15.33% compared with that before optimization. 3) Under the optimum fermentation conditions, the nutritive value of PESMS was significantly increased. The dry matter recovery rate (DMR), crude protein, ether extract contents and viable Lactobacillu number of fermentation group were significantly higher than those of raw material group and fermentation group without bacterium liquid (P<0.05), NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents and pH were significantly lower than those of raw material group and fermentation group without bacterium liquid (P<0.05), and fermentation could significantly reduce the contents of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the contents of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) (P>0.05). The contents of three mycotoxins before and after fermentation were in accordance with the Hygienical Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2017). The response surface method is used to optimize the fermentation conditions of the cellulose-degradation strains, which can significantly reduce the cellulose content of PESMS, and improve the nutritional value of feeding. The content of mycotoxin before and after fermentation conform to the Hygienical Standard for Feeds.

Key words： Pleurotus eryngii spent mushroom substrate; cellulose-degradation strains; mixed strains fermentation; response surface methodology

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