研究简报 Short communications

饲粮非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维对绵羊消化、瘤胃发酵参数及纤维素酶活性的影响

  • 普宣宣 ,
  • 郭雪峰 ,
  • 蒋辰宇 ,
  • 刘俊峰 ,
  • 张秀萍 ,
  • 张苏江
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  • 1. 塔里木大学动物科学学院, 阿拉尔 843300;
    2. 新疆生产建设兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室, 阿拉尔 843300
普宣宣(1997-),女,河南周口人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:2924197349@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-04-11

  网络出版日期: 2019-10-17

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31760680)

Effects of Dietary Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate/Neutral Detergent Fiber on Digestion, Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Cellulase Activities in Sheep

  • PU Xuanxuan ,
  • GUO Xuefeng ,
  • JIANG Chenyu ,
  • LIU Junfeng ,
  • ZHANG Xiuping ,
  • ZHANG Sujiang
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  • 1. College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Alar 843300, China

Received date: 2019-04-11

  Online published: 2019-10-17

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维(NFC/NDF)对绵羊营养物质表观消化率和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验配制4种不同NFC/NDF的饲粮,比例分别为0.54(Ⅰ组)、0.96(Ⅱ组)、1.37(Ⅲ组)、1.90(Ⅳ组),通过采集瘤胃内容物,测定瘤胃发酵指标的动态变化及纤维素酶活性,同时通过消化试验测定营养物质表观消化率。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的干物质(DM)和有机物(OM)表观消化率均显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率均为:Ⅲ组>Ⅳ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);2)Ⅳ组瘤胃平均pH显著低于其他3组(P<0.05);氨态氮(NH3-N)平均含量为:Ⅲ组>Ⅳ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);3)羧甲基纤维素钠酶(CMC)平均活性为:Ⅰ组 > Ⅱ组 > Ⅲ组 > Ⅳ组,葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶平均活性为:Ⅱ组 > Ⅰ组 > Ⅲ组 > Ⅳ组,但组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。根据营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数综合评定,适宜的饲粮NFC/NDF为1.37;饲粮中NFC/NDF在0.54~1.90时,对瘤胃纤维素酶平均活性无显著影响。

本文引用格式

普宣宣 , 郭雪峰 , 蒋辰宇 , 刘俊峰 , 张秀萍 , 张苏江 . 饲粮非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维对绵羊消化、瘤胃发酵参数及纤维素酶活性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(10) : 4859 -4867 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.10.052

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of non-fibrous carbohydrate/neutral detergent fiber (NFC/NDF) on the nutrient apparent digestibility and rumen fermentation characters. Four kinds diets with different NFC/NDF of 0.54 (group Ⅰ), 0.96 (group Ⅱ), 1.37 (group Ⅲ) and 1.90 (group Ⅳ) were formulated in the experiment. Rumen digesta were collected to measure dynamic changes of rumen fermentation indices and cellulase activities, and the nutrient apparent digestibility were determined by digestion test in the same time. The results showed as follows:1) the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were group Ⅲ > group Ⅳ > group Ⅱ > group Ⅰ, but there was no significant difference among groups (P>0.05). 2) The average pH in rumen group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other three groups (P<0.05). The average content of NH3-N was group Ⅲ > group Ⅳ > group Ⅱ > group Ⅰ, but there was no significant difference among groups (P>0.05). 3) The average enzyme activity of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was group Ⅰ > group Ⅱ > group Ⅲ > group Ⅳ, the average enzyme activities of glucoside and xylan were group Ⅱ > group Ⅰ > group Ⅲ > group Ⅳ, but the difference was not significant among groups (P>0.05). According to the apparent digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation characters, the dietary NFC/NDF of 1.37 is more suitable for sheep; when the dietary of NFC/NDF varies from 0.54 to 1.90, there is no significant difference in the average cellulase activity in rumen.

参考文献

[1] 宋善丹,饶开晴,郭春华,等.日粮精粗比在肉羊生产中应用的研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(5):135-139.
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[5] LOVETT D,LOVELL S,STACK L,et al.Effect of forage/concentrate ratio and dietary coconut oil level on methane output and performance of finishing beef heifers[J].Livestock Production Science,2003,84(2):135-146.  
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[12] 霍鲜鲜,侯先志,赵志恭,等.不同精粗比日粮对绵羊瘤胃内纤维素酶活的影响[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2003,33(5):16-20.
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[14] 钱文熙,郭雪峰,张苏江.动物营养与饲料科学实践教程[M].北京:中国质检出版社,2012:22-39.
[15] 冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):37.
[16] 汪水平,王文娟.瘤胃纤维降解相关酶活性的测定[J].中国饲料,2006(11):31-32.
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[18] 王志有,侯生珍,范永涛.日粮精粗比对藏羔羊增重的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(7):233-235.
[19] 王加启,冯仰廉.日粮精粗比对瘤胃微生物合成效率的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1995,26(4):301-307.
[20] 李华.粗饲料中纤维素、半纤维素酶解测定方法的研究与评价[D].博士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2008.
[21] 魏全意,吴金龙,丁永忠,等.预混料及不同精料给量对舍饲小尾寒羊育肥效果的研究[J].饲料研究,2003(1):5-7.
[22] SONG S D,CHEN G J,GUO C H,et al.Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplementation to diets with different NFC/NDF ratios on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in Chinese domesticated black goats[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,236:170-177.
[23] 魏德泳,朱伟云,毛胜勇.日粮不同NFC/NDF比对山羊瘤胃发酵与瘤胃微生物区系结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(7):1392-1398.
[24] 刘清清.日粮精粗比对绵羊消化和瘤胃消化代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.晋中:山西农业大学,2014.
[25] 韩昊奇,刘大程,高民,等.不同NFC/NDF比对奶山羊瘤胃微生物及瘤胃pH变化的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,23(4):597-603.
[26] 张腾,庄苏,董文超,等.不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA及血液VFA含量的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2013,45(4):5-10.
[27] 甘伯中,程胜利,郝正里,等.全饲粮颗粒料对羔羊瘤胃代谢产物浓度变化的影响[J].中国草食动物,2003,23(4):10-12.
[28] YANG W Z,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity and ruminal pH of dairy cows fed diets based on barley silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(1):217-228.  
[29] 李大彪.绵羊和绒山羊采食行为以及对三种不同粗饲料日粮纤维消化率的比较研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[30] MURPHY J J,KENNELLY J J.Effect of protein concentration and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70(9):1841-1849.  
[31] 崔利宏.牧草收割期和日粮精粗比对绵羊瘤胃内营养物质降解的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.
[32] 王海荣.不同日粮精粗比及氮源对绵羊瘤胃纤维降解菌群和纤维物质降解的影响[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006.
[33] 沈赞明,韩正廉.不同日粮条件下水牛瘤胃真菌纤维素酶活力的体外研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1995,18(2):84-89.
[34] 汪水平,王文娟,龚月生,等.日粮精粗比对泌乳奶牛瘤胃纤维降解酶活性及血液指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5):57-62,68.
[35] SCHWARZ W.The cellulosome and cellulose degradation by anaerobic bacteria[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2001,56(5/6):634-649.
[36] RUSSELL J B,WILSON D B.Why are Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria unable to digest cellulose at low pH?[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1996,79(8):1503-1509.  
[1] 宋善丹,饶开晴,郭春华,等.日粮精粗比在肉羊生产中应用的研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(5):135-139.
[2] 朱晋龙,徐晓锋,王文辉,等.体外产气法研究不同种类谷物饲料与苜蓿的瘤胃发酵组合效应[J].饲料研究,2015(22):27-28+37.
[3] 李婉,张爱忠,姜宁,等.不同精料水平对绒山羊体外发酵的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2008(1):40-42.
[4] HIRONAKA R,MATHISON G W,KERRIGAN B K,et al.The effect of pelleting of alfalfa hay on methane production and digestibility by steers[J].Science of the Total Environment,1996,180(3):221-227.  
[5] LOVETT D,LOVELL S,STACK L,et al.Effect of forage/concentrate ratio and dietary coconut oil level on methane output and performance of finishing beef heifers[J].Livestock Production Science,2003,84(2):135-146.  
[6] CORLEY Ⅲ R N,MURPHY M R.An in vitro technique for measuring the production rate of volatile fatty acids in the rumen under dynamic conditions[J].Small Ruminant Research,2004,54(3):219-225.  
[7] 孙德成,赵智力,魏曼琳,等.不同精粗料比全混合日粮对奶牛瘤胃指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2008(10):47-50.
[8] 秦正君,王若勇,时国峰,等.日粮精粗比对奶牛瘤胃发酵及生产性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2018,37(1):83-85.
[9] 赵芸君,孟庆翔,张俊瑜,等.日粮精粗比对活体外瘤胃发酵和烟酸、烟酰胺合成的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(11):101-106.
[10] 王贞贞,侯先志,王海荣,等.不同氮源对绵羊瘤胃内固液相纤维素酶活的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(1):4-9.
[11] 冯兴龙,赵春平,昝林森,等.不同粗饲料处理对秦川肉牛产肉性能影响的研究[J].中国牛业科学,2014,40(6):20-24.
[12] 霍鲜鲜,侯先志,赵志恭,等.不同精粗比日粮对绵羊瘤胃内纤维素酶活的影响[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2003,33(5):16-20.
[13] 中华人民共和国农业行业标准-肉羊饲养标准(NY/T 816-2004)[J].湖南饲料,2006(6):9-15.
[14] 钱文熙,郭雪峰,张苏江.动物营养与饲料科学实践教程[M].北京:中国质检出版社,2012:22-39.
[15] 冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):37.
[16] 汪水平,王文娟.瘤胃纤维降解相关酶活性的测定[J].中国饲料,2006(11):31-32.
[17] 钟志勇.不同组合的功能性寡糖对锦江黄牛瘤胃发酵和内容物酶活的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2012.
[18] 王志有,侯生珍,范永涛.日粮精粗比对藏羔羊增重的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(7):233-235.
[19] 王加启,冯仰廉.日粮精粗比对瘤胃微生物合成效率的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1995,26(4):301-307.
[20] 李华.粗饲料中纤维素、半纤维素酶解测定方法的研究与评价[D].博士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2008.
[21] 魏全意,吴金龙,丁永忠,等.预混料及不同精料给量对舍饲小尾寒羊育肥效果的研究[J].饲料研究,2003(1):5-7.
[22] SONG S D,CHEN G J,GUO C H,et al.Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplementation to diets with different NFC/NDF ratios on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in Chinese domesticated black goats[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,236:170-177.
[23] 魏德泳,朱伟云,毛胜勇.日粮不同NFC/NDF比对山羊瘤胃发酵与瘤胃微生物区系结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(7):1392-1398.
[24] 刘清清.日粮精粗比对绵羊消化和瘤胃消化代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.晋中:山西农业大学,2014.
[25] 韩昊奇,刘大程,高民,等.不同NFC/NDF比对奶山羊瘤胃微生物及瘤胃pH变化的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,23(4):597-603.
[26] 张腾,庄苏,董文超,等.不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA及血液VFA含量的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2013,45(4):5-10.
[27] 甘伯中,程胜利,郝正里,等.全饲粮颗粒料对羔羊瘤胃代谢产物浓度变化的影响[J].中国草食动物,2003,23(4):10-12.
[28] YANG W Z,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity and ruminal pH of dairy cows fed diets based on barley silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(1):217-228.  
[29] 李大彪.绵羊和绒山羊采食行为以及对三种不同粗饲料日粮纤维消化率的比较研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[30] MURPHY J J,KENNELLY J J.Effect of protein concentration and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70(9):1841-1849.  
[31] 崔利宏.牧草收割期和日粮精粗比对绵羊瘤胃内营养物质降解的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.
[32] 王海荣.不同日粮精粗比及氮源对绵羊瘤胃纤维降解菌群和纤维物质降解的影响[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006.
[33] 沈赞明,韩正廉.不同日粮条件下水牛瘤胃真菌纤维素酶活力的体外研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1995,18(2):84-89.
[34] 汪水平,王文娟,龚月生,等.日粮精粗比对泌乳奶牛瘤胃纤维降解酶活性及血液指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5):57-62,68.
[35] SCHWARZ W.The cellulosome and cellulose degradation by anaerobic bacteria[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2001,56(5/6):634-649.
[36] RUSSELL J B,WILSON D B.Why are Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria unable to digest cellulose at low pH?[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1996,79(8):1503-1509.  
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