综述 Review

运动马能量供给优化策略初探

  • 任万路 ,
  • 孟军 ,
  • 王川坤 ,
  • 姚新奎
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  • 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
任万路(1992-),男,新疆塔城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生产学。E-mail:renwanlu1649437750@163.com

收稿日期: 2019-05-28

  网络出版日期: 2019-12-13

基金资助

自治区重大科技专项“马繁育共性关键技术研究”(2017A01002-1)

Improvement Strategies for Dietary Energy Supply of Racehorses

  • REN Wanlu ,
  • MENG Jun ,
  • WANG Chuankun ,
  • YAO Xinkui
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  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received date: 2019-05-28

  Online published: 2019-12-13

摘要

合理调制运动马饲粮,保证运动马能量充足是充分发挥运动马竞技性能的保障,运动马的能量主要源自饲草中纤维素等结构性多糖的微生物发酵和谷物类饲料中淀粉的消化吸收。粗饲料的营养密度低且消化利用率低,不能满足运动马的能量需求,但粗饲料可有效改善运动马的胃肠和代谢健康;而谷物类饲料的营养密度高,且易于消化吸收,但高谷物饲粮可引致胃肠和代谢性问题。运动马能量供给和代谢健康间存在一定矛盾,需采用适宜的饲料加工工艺、谷物类饲料替代、添加非营养性添加剂及优化饲草给料方式等措施改善运动马高谷物饲粮引致的代谢失衡。本文总结了运动马粗饲料和谷物类饲料的优缺点,并针对性提出了改善运动马能量供给的优化策略。

关键词: ; 能量供给; 纤维素; 淀粉

本文引用格式

任万路 , 孟军 , 王川坤 , 姚新奎 . 运动马能量供给优化策略初探[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(12) : 5446 -5453 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.12.008

Abstract

The proper adjustment of feed formula, and supply of adequate energy is the guarantee of high performance of racehorses. The two principal energy sources of racehorses are starch of grain feed and structural polysaccharides (such as cellulose) of roughage. The nutrient density, as well as the efficiency of digestion and utilization of roughage are not high enough to meet the energy requirement of racehorse. Whereas, high-fiber feedstuffs, such as hay and straw, could effectively relieve the grain feed induced metabolic disorder. As to grain feed, it contents high concentrations of nutrients, however, high grain diet could cause health problems of the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism. And so, there is a big conflict between energy supply and metabolic health in the process of racehorses breeding. Some effective measures, such as proper processing technology of roughage, the application of alternatives of grain, non-nutritive feed additive, and the feeding methods of roughage, could highly improve metabolic imbalance induced by high grain feed. In this review, we summarized the advantages and shortages of high-fiber and high grain feed of racehorses, and put forward some targeted improve measures.

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