动物营养学报 >

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 12: 5541 - 5550

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.12.020

反刍与草食动物营养 Ruminant and herbivore nutrition

不同精粗比饲粮条件下奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构变化的研究

  • 徐晓锋 ,
  • 胡丹丹 ,
  • 郭婷婷 ,
  • 张力莉
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  • 宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021
徐晓锋(1978-),男,蒙古族,内蒙古突泉人,副教授,博士,从事奶牛瘤胃发酵与乳脂合成调控的研究。E-mail:xuxiaofengnd@126.com

收稿日期: 2019-05-23

  网络出版日期: 2019-12-13

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目——寡糖对奶牛瘤胃纤维降解影响机制及乳脂下降综合征调控的研究（31460619）

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Structure Changes of Rumen Bacterial Flora of Dairy Cows under Different Concentrate to Roughage Ratio Diets

  • XU Xiaofeng ,
  • HU Dandan ,
  • GUO Tingting ,
  • ZHANG Lili
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  • College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received date: 2019-05-23

  Online published: 2019-12-13

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摘要

本研究旨在揭示不同精粗比饲粮条件下奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构的变化。选择24头健康、体重相近、胎次相同、产后3周左右的中国荷斯坦奶牛，随机分为2组（每组12头），分别饲喂高精粗比饲粮（60：40，HC组）和低精粗比饲粮（40：60，LC组），试验期为45 d。运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构变化进行分析。结果表明：1） HC组奶牛瘤胃液丙酸比例极显著高于LC组（P<0.01），乙酸/丙酸极显著低于LC组（P<0.01）。2） HC组奶牛瘤胃细菌操作分类单元数量极显著低于LC组（P<0.01）。3） LC组的Ace指数、Chao1指数显著高于HC组（P<0.05），Shannon指数、Simpson指数极显著高于HC组（P<0.01）。4） LC组奶牛瘤胃中拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、纤维杆菌门、疣微菌门、SR1、软壁菌门、TM7、黏胶球形菌门、迷踪菌门丰度极显著高于HC组（P<0.01），HC组奶牛瘤胃中变形菌门、螺旋菌门丰度极显著高于LC组（P<0.01）。5） LC组奶牛瘤胃中纤维杆菌属、瘤胃球菌属、琥珀酸菌属、甲烷短杆菌属、BF311丰度极显著高于HC组（P<0.01），丁酸弧菌属丰度显著高于HC组（P<0.05）；HC组奶牛瘤胃中密螺旋菌属、粪球菌属、Shuttleworthia丰度极显著高于LC组（P<0.01），vadinCA11丰度显著高于LC组（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮精粗比显著影响了奶牛瘤胃中细菌总数和多样性。高精粗比饲粮条件下，瘤胃中纤维降解菌的生长受到抑制，促进了瘤胃中产酸菌的增殖，从而改变了瘤胃发酵模式。

关键词： 精粗比; 奶牛; 瘤胃; 细菌菌群

本文引用格式

徐晓锋 , 胡丹丹 , 郭婷婷 , 张力莉 . 不同精粗比饲粮条件下奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群结构变化的研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019 , 31(12) : 5541 -5550 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.12.020

Abstract

The aim of this study was to reveal the changes of rumen bacterial flora structure of dairy cows under different concentrate to roughage ratio diets. Twenty-four healthy Chinese Holstein dairy cows with similar body weight, same parity and about 3 weeks postpartum were randomly divided into two groups (12 cows per group), and cows in two groups were fed with high concentrate to roughage ratio diet (60:40, HC group) and low concentrate to roughage ratio diet (40:60, LC group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 45 days. The structure changes of rumen bacterial flora of dairy cows were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed as follows:1) the rumen fluid propionic acid percentage of dairy cows of HC group was significantly higher than that of LC group (P<0.01), and the acetic acid/propionic acid was significantly lower than that of LC group (P<0.01). 2) The number of bacterial operational classification unit in rumen of dairy cows of HC group was significantly lower than that of LC group (P<0.01). 3) The indexes of Ace and Chao1 of LC group were significantly higher than those of HC group (P<0.05), and the indexes of Shannon and Simpson were significantly higher than those of HC group (P<0.01). 4) The abundances of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fibrobacteres, Verrucomicrobia, SR1, Tenericutes, TM7, Lentisphaerae and Elusimicrobia in rumen of dairy cows of LC group were significantly higher than those of HC group (P<0.01), and the abundances of Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes of dairy cows of HC group were significantly higher than those of LC group (P<0.01). 5) The abundances of Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus, Succiniclasticum, Methanobrevibacter and BF311 in rumen of dairy cows of LC group were significantly higher than those of HC group (P<0.01), and the Butyrivibrio abundance was significantly higher than that of HC group (P<0.05); the abundances of Treponema, Coprococcus and Shuttleworthia in rumen of dairy cows of HC group were significantly higher than those of LC group (P<0.01), and the vadinCA11 abundance was significantly higher than that of LC group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary concentrate to roughage ratio significantly affect the total number and diversity of bacteria in rumen of dairy cows. Under the condition of high concentrate to roughage ratio diet, the growth of fiber-degrading bacteria in rumen is restrained, which promote the proliferation of acid-producing bacteria in rumen, thus changing the rumen fermentation mode.

Key words： concentrate to roughage ratio; dairy cows; rumen; bacterial flora

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