动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 1: 109 - 119

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.01.016

猪营养与饲料 SWINE NUTRITION AND FEED

冬季饲养密度对饲养环境及生长猪生长性能和血清生化、抗氧化、免疫、应激指标的影响

  • 肖克权 ,
  • 屈圣富 ,
  • 范小丫 ,
  • 高凤仙
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  • 湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院, 湖南畜禽安全生产协同创新中心, 长沙 410128
肖克权(1992-),男,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,从事动物生产与畜牧工程研究。E-mail:965309687@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-07-11

  网络出版日期: 2020-01-19

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0500506）

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Effects of Stocking Density on Rearing Environment and Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical, Immune, Antioxidant and Stress Indices of Growing Pigs in Winter

  • XIAO Kequan ,
  • QU Shengfu ,
  • FAN Xiaoya ,
  • GAO Fengxian
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  • Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received date: 2019-07-11

  Online published: 2020-01-19

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摘要

本试验旨在研究冬季饲养密度对饲养环境及生长猪生长性能和血清生化、抗氧化、免疫、应激指标的影响。选用健康且体重无显著差异（P>0.05）的21日龄断奶长×大（LY）二元杂交生长猪330头，平均体重为（25.67±0.25）kg，随机分为4个组，每组6个重复（栏）。Ⅰ组每栏10头（0.91 m2/头），Ⅱ组每栏12头（0.76 m2/头），Ⅲ组每栏15头（0.61 m2/头），Ⅳ组每栏18头（0.51 m2/头）。试验期28 d。结果表明：1）随着饲养密度增大，栏舍内温度、相对湿度呈升高趋势，二氧化碳（CO2）、氨气（NH3）浓度逐渐升高。第14、21天，Ⅳ组的环境CO2、NH3浓度显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。2）随着饲养密度增大，生长猪的平均日采食量（ADFI）呈线性降低（P<0.05），平均日增重（ADG）、料重比（F/G）呈二次曲线变化（P<0.05）。其中，Ⅲ组的F/G显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。3）随着饲养密度增大，血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）浓度呈线性降低（P<0.05）。4）随着饲养密度增大，血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）浓度呈二次曲线变化（P<0.05），血清免疫球蛋白M（IgM）浓度呈线性变化（P<0.05）。其中，与Ⅱ组相比，Ⅰ组的血清IgA、IgG浓度均显著降低（P<0.05）。随着饲养密度增大，血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）浓度呈二次曲线变化（P<0.05）。其中，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清TNF-α浓度显著低于Ⅳ组（P<0.05）。5）与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅰ组的血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著降低（P<0.05）。随着饲养密度增大，血清丙二醛（MDA）浓度呈二次曲线变化（P<0.05），Ⅲ组的血清MDA浓度显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。6）随着饲养密度增大，血清肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（COR）浓度先降低后升高。其中，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清ACTH、COR浓度无显著差异（P>0.05）。由此可见，本试验条件下，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组生长性能和血清生化、免疫、抗氧化、应激指标大部分无显著差异，且考虑到栏舍利用率，Ⅲ组的饲养密度（0.61 m2/头）更适合冬季生长猪（25~45 kg）的生长，此时生长速率快，饲料转化率高，机体炎症应激水平低。

关键词： 饲养密度; 生长猪; 饲养环境; 生长性能; 应激

本文引用格式

肖克权 , 屈圣富 , 范小丫 , 高凤仙 . 冬季饲养密度对饲养环境及生长猪生长性能和血清生化、抗氧化、免疫、应激指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(1) : 109 -119 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.01.016

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of stocking density on rearing environment and growth performance and serum biochemical, immune, antioxidant and stress indices of growing pigs in winter. A total of 330 healthy 21 days of age weaner Large White×Landrace (LY) growing pigs with similar body weight (P>0.05) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates (pens) in each group. Group Ⅰ was 10 pigs per pen (0.91 m2 per pig), group Ⅱ was 12 pigs per pen (0.76 m2 per pig), group Ⅲ was 15 pigs per pen (0.61 m2 per pig), and group Ⅳ was 18 pigs per pen (0.51 m2 per pig). The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows:1) with the stocking density increasing, the temperature and relative humidity were showed an increasing trend, and the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) were gradually increased. On days 14 and 21, the environmental CO2 and NH3 concentrations of group Ⅳ was significantly higher those of other groups (P<0.05). 2) With the stocking density increasing, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of growing pigs was linearly decreased (P<0.05), and the average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) were showed a quadratic curve change (P<0.05). Among them, the F/G of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 3) With the stocking density increasing, the concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in serum were linearly decreased (P<0.05). 4) With the stocking density increasing, the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum were showed a quadratic curve change (P<0.05), and the serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration was linearly changed (P<0.05). Among them, the concentrations of IgA and IgG in serum of group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those of group Ⅱ (P<0.05). With the stocking density increasing, the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration was showed a quadratic curve change (P<0.05). Among them, the serum TNF-α concentration of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of group Ⅳ (P<0.05). 5) Compared with group Ⅲ, the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of group Ⅰ were significantly decreased (P<0.05). With the stocking density increasing, the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was showed a quadratic curve change (P<0.05), and the serum MDA concentration of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). 6) With the stocking density increasing, the concentrations of adrenocortical hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (COR) in serum firstly decreased and then increased. Among them, there were no significant differences on concentrations of ACTH and COR in serum between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). In conclusion, under this experiment condition, there are no significant differences on most part of growth performance and serum biochemical, immune, antioxidant and stress indices between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and considering the utilization of the bar, the stocking density of group Ⅲ (0.61 m2 per pig) is more suitable for the growth of growing pigs (25 to 45 kg) in winter, which has the high growth rate and feed conversion rate and the low body immunological stress.

Key words： stocking density; growing pigs; rearing environment; growth performance; stress

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