动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 1: 267 - 275

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.01.033

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

体外产气法评价木薯渣替代压片玉米对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响

  • 郑宇慧 ,
  • 宫玥 ,
  • 李胜利
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  • 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
郑宇慧(1995-),女,陕西榆林人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:zhengyuhui@cau.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2019-06-24

  网络出版日期: 2020-01-19

基金资助

国家重点研发计划"畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖综合技术研发"（2018YFD0501603）

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Effects of Cassava Residue Substituted for Tablet Corn on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Dairy Cows Evaluated by in Vitro Gas Production Method

  • ZHENG Yuhui ,
  • GONG Yue ,
  • LI Shengli
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  • State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2019-06-24

  Online published: 2020-01-19

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摘要

本试验旨在通过体外产气法评价木薯渣不同比例替代压片玉米对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响。试验共设计7个组，分别用木薯渣替代0（对照组）、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%的压片玉米（风干基础），每个组4个重复，使用AGRS-Ⅲ型微生物发酵产气系统进行体外瘤胃微生物发酵试验。试验用瘤胃液取自3头处于泌乳中后期且装有永久瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛。试验监测体外培养3、6、12、24和48 h后的发酵液pH，氨态氮（NH3-N）、微生物蛋白（MCP）含量，体外培养48 h后干物质消失率（IVDMD），累积产气量（GP）及挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）含量等指标。结果表明：随着木薯渣替代压片玉米比例的增加，发酵48 h后GP、理论最大产气量和最大产气速率均呈显著线性增加（P<0.05）；在体外发酵培养24 h时，发酵液NH3-N含量也随木薯渣替代压片玉米比例的增加而呈显著线性增加（P<0.05）；此外，各试验组MCP含量在体外发酵3~12 h后呈升高趋势，随即逐渐下降并在48 h时达到最低，且体外发酵3 h时，发酵液MCP含量随木薯渣替代压片玉米比例的增加呈显著二次变化（P<0.05）；体外发酵48 h时，发酵液丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和总VFA含量均随木薯渣替代压片玉米比例的增加呈显著二次变化（P<0.05），且均在替代比例为20%时达到最大值。综上，在本试验条件下，木薯渣替代压片玉米的比例≤ 30%时对泌乳中后期奶牛体外瘤胃发酵特性无不良影响，且在替代比例为20%时可显著提高发酵液丁酸、戊酸和总VFA含量，在替代比例为30%时可显著提高发酵24 h时的NH3-N含量和48 h时的GP。因此，由体外试验可知，木薯渣替代压片玉米的比例为20%~30%较为适宜，但此试验结果仍需通过奶牛体内试验进一步验证。

关键词： 木薯渣; 压片玉米; 体外产气法; 奶牛

本文引用格式

郑宇慧 , 宫玥 , 李胜利 . 体外产气法评价木薯渣替代压片玉米对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(1) : 267 -275 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.01.033

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cassava residue substituted for tablet corn on rumen fermentation characteristics of dairy cows evaluated by in vitro gas production method. The experiment was designed 7 groups, the replacement ratios were 0 (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% (air-dry basis) with 4 replicates for each group, and used China-patented automated trace gas recording system (AGRS-Ⅲ) to detect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. The rumen fluid were collected from three Chinese Holstein cows with permanent rumen fistulas in middle and late lactation. The rumen fluid pH, ammonia-N (NH3-N) and microbial protein (MCP) contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), gas production (GP) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents were recorded at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The results showed that GP, theoretical maximum gas production and maximum gas production rate increased linearly after in vitro fermentation for 48 h with the increase of the proportion of cassava residue replacing tablet corn (P<0.05). After in vitro fermentation for 24 h, the NH3-N content of fermentation liquid also increased linearly with the increase of the substitution ratio of cassava residue substituted for tablet corn (P<0.05). The MCP content in each test group showed an increasing trend after in vitro fermentation for 3 to 12 h, then gradually decreased and reached the lowest level at 48 h, and the MCP content in fermentation liquid showed a quadratic change with the increase of the substitution ratio of cassava residue replacing tablet corn (P<0.05) after in vitro fermentation for 3 h. In addition, after in vitro fermentation for 48 h, the contents of butyrate, valerate and total volatile fatty acid in the fermentation liquid changed quadratically with the increase of the substitution ratio of cassava residue substituted for tablet corn (P<0.05), and reached the maximum value when the substitution ratio was 20%. In conclusion, under this experimental condition, cassava residue substituting tablet corn has no adverse effect on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of dairy cows in middle and late lactation when the substitution ratio is 30% or less. When the cassava residue substitution ratio is 20%, it can significantly improve the butyrate, valerate and total volatile fatty acid contents and when the cassava residue substitution ratio is 30%, it can significantly increase cumulative gas production and NH3-N content after in vitro cultivation for 48 and 24 h, respectively. Therefore, according to in vitro test, we can draw the conclusion that when the proportion of cassava residue replacing tablet corn is 20% to 30%, it can be more suitable, but this results still need to be further verified by the in vivo test of dairy cows.

Key words： cassava residue; tablet corn; in vitro gas test; dairy cow

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