动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 1: 357 - 371

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.01.042

水产动物营养与饲料 AQUATIC ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEED

饲料碳水化合物水平对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、体成分、血浆生化指标及肠道和肝脏酶活性的影响

  • 刘浩 ,
  • 杨俊江 ,
  • 董晓慧 ,
  • 谭北平 ,
  • 杨奇慧 ,
  • 迟淑艳 ,
  • 刘泓宇 ,
  • 章双 ,
  • 杨原志
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  • 1. 广东海洋大学水产学院, 水产动物营养与饲料实验室, 湛江 524088;
    2. 广东省水产动物精准营养与高效饲料工程技术研究中心, 湛江 524088
刘浩(1996-),男,广东梅州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail:liuhaonutrition@163.com

收稿日期: 2019-06-24

  网络出版日期: 2020-01-19

基金资助

现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-47）；广东海洋大学"冲一流（231419011）"省财政专项资金建设项目

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Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Level on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Plasma Biochemical Parameters and Intestinal and Liver Enzyme Activities of Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

  • LIU Hao ,
  • YANG Junjiang ,
  • DONG Xiaohui ,
  • TAN Beiping ,
  • YANG Qihui ,
  • CHI Shuyan ,
  • LIU Hongyu ,
  • ZHANG Shuang ,
  • YANG Yuanzhi
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  • 1. Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
    2. Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China

Received date: 2019-06-24

  Online published: 2020-01-19

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲料碳水化合物水平对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、体成分、血浆生化指标及肠道和肝脏酶活性的影响。选择健康、初重（102.80±1.02）g的斜带石斑鱼300尾，随机分为5个组，每组3个重复，每个重复20尾。5组分别投喂碳水化合物水平为7%、14%、21%、28%和35%的等氮等能的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明：1）28%组的特定生长率（SGR）、增重率（WGR）显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），28%组的饲料系数（FCR）显著低于7%和14%组（P<0.05），28%和35%组的蛋白质效率（PER）、肥满度（CF）和肝体比（HSI）显著高于7%组（P<0.05），35%组的脏体比（VSI）显著高于7%组（P<0.05）。2）7%组的干物质表观消化率显著低于21%、28%和35%组（P<0.05）。35%组的粗脂肪和能量表观消化率显著低于7%、14%和21%组（P<0.05）。3）28%和35%组的全鱼粗蛋白质含量显著低于7%组（P<0.05），35%组的全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），35%组的全鱼粗灰分含量显著小于7%、14%和28%组（P<0.05）。28%和35%组的肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于7%组（P<0.05），7%组的肌肉粗灰分含量显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。35%组的肝糖原含量显著高于7%、14%和21%组（P<0.05），35%组的肌糖原含量显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。4）7%组的血浆总蛋白（TP）含量显著低于其他各组（P<0.05），21%、28%和35%组的血浆葡萄糖（GLU）含量显著高于7%和14%组（P<0.05），28%和35%组的血浆甘油三酯（TG）含量显著高于7%和14%组（P<0.05），28%和35%组的血浆总胆固醇（TC）含量显著高于7%、14%和21%组（P<0.05）。5）35%组的肝脏己糖激酶（HK）活性显著高于7%组（P<0.05），35%组的肝脏磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），35%组的肝脏葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）活性显著高于7%、14%和21%组（P<0.05），21%和28%组的肝脏果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶（FBPase）活性显著高于7%、14%和35%组（P<0.05）。6）35%组的肠道胃蛋白酶（PS）活性显著高于7%、14%、28%组（P<0.05），35%组的肠道脂肪酶（LPS）活性显著低于7%、14%和28%组（P<0.05），35%组的肠道淀粉酶（AMS）活性显著高于7%、14%和28%组（P<0.05）。7）35%组的肝脏碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），7%组的肝脏酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性显著高于21%、28%和35%组（P<0.05），28%组的肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著高于7%组（P>0.05），28%和35%组的肝脏溶菌酶（LZM）活性显著高于7%、14%和21%组（P<0.05）。上述结果显示，饲料中适宜的碳水化合物水平可以改善斜带石斑鱼的生长性能，且对体成分、营养物质表观消化率、血浆生化指标及消化、免疫、代谢酶活性有一定影响，饲料中高碳水化合物水平将导致鱼体HSI、VSI及肌糖原、肝糖原含量升高。以SGR为评价指标，经二次回归曲线模型拟合后得出，斜带石斑鱼对饲料中碳水化合物适宜需要量为28.50%。

关键词： 斜带石斑鱼; 碳水化合物水平; 生长性能; 血浆生化指标; 肝脏免疫酶; 肠道消化酶

本文引用格式

刘浩 , 杨俊江 , 董晓慧 , 谭北平 , 杨奇慧 , 迟淑艳 , 刘泓宇 , 章双 , 杨原志 . 饲料碳水化合物水平对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、体成分、血浆生化指标及肠道和肝脏酶活性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(1) : 357 -371 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.01.042

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance, body composition, plasma biochemical parameters and intestinal and liver enzyme activities of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). A total of 300 healthy orange-spotted grouper with initial weight of (102.80±1.02) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate. Fish in 5 groups were fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets which carbohydrate levels were 7%, 14%, 21%, 28% and 35%, respectively. The experiment lasted for 810 weeks. The results showed as follows:1) the specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain rate (WGR) of 28% group were significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05), the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 28% group was significantly lower than that of 7% and 14% group (P<0.05), the protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of 28% and 35% groups were significantly higher than those of 7% group (P<0.05), and the viscerosomatic index (VSI) of 35% group was significantly higher than that of 7% group (P<0.05). 2) The apparent digestibility of dry matter of 7% group was significantly lower than that of 21%, 28% and 31% groups (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibilities of crude lipid and energy of 35% groups were significantly lower than those of 7%, 14% and 21% groups (P<0.05). 3) The whole body crude protein content of 28% and 35% groups was significantly lower than that of 7% group (P<0.05), the whole body crude lipid content of 35% group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the whole body ash content of 35% group was significantly lower than that of 7%, 14% and 28% groups (P<0.05). The muscle crude lipid content of 28% and 35% groups was significantly higher than that of 7% group (P<0.05), and the muscle ash content of 7% group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The liver glycogen content of 35% group was significantly higher than that of 7%, 14% and 21% groups (P<0.05), and the muscle glycogen content of 35% group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). 4) The plasma total protein (TP) content of 7% group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05), the plasma glucose (GLU) content of 21%, 28% and 35% groups was significantly higher than that of 7% and 14% groups (P<0.05), the plasma triglyceride (TG) content of 28% and 35% groups was significantly higher than that of 7% and 14% groups (P<0.05), and the plasma total cholesterol (TC) content of 28% and 35% groups was significantly higher than that of 7%, 14% and 21% groups (P<0.05). 5) The liver hexokinase (HK) activity of 35% group was significantly higher than that of 7% group (P<0.05), the liver phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity of 35% group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), the liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity of 35% group was significantly higher than that of 7%, 14% and 21% groups (P<0.05), and the liver fructos-1,6-diphosphatase (FBPase) activity of 21% and 28% group was significantly higher than that of 7%, 14% and 38% groups (P<0.05). 6) The intestinal pepsin (PS) activity of 35% group was significantly higher than that of 7%, 14% and 28% groups (P<0.05), the intestinal lipase (LPS) activity of 35% group was significantly lower than that of 7%, 14% and 28% groups (P<0.05), and the intestinal amylase (AMS) activity of 35% group was significantly higher than that of 7%, 14% and 28% groups (P<0.05). 7) The liver alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity of 35% group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), the liver acid phosphatase (ACP) activity of 7% group was significantly higher than that of 21%, 28% and 35% groups (P<0.05), the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of 28% group was significantly higher than that of 7% group (P<0.05), and the liver lysozyme (LZM) activity of 28% and 35% groups was significantly higher than that of 7%, 14% and 21% groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary suitable carbohydrate level can improve the growth performance of orange-spotted grouper, and has a certain impact on body composition, nutrient apparent digestibility, plasma biochemical parameters and activities of digestive, immune and metabolic enzymes, dietary high carbohydrate level will cause the rise of HSI, VSI and contents of liver glycogen, muscle glycogen of fish. Using SGR as the evaluation index, the quadratic regression curve model shows that the optimal dietary carbohydrate requirement for orange-spotted grouper is 28.50%.

Key words： Epinephelus coioides; carbohydrate level; growth performance; plasma biochemical parameters; liver immune enzyme; intestinal digestive enzyme

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