动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 2: 706 - 714

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.02.026

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

饲喂方式对德州驴生长性能、营养物质消化率和盲肠微生物多样性的影响

  • 刘桂芹 ,
  • 格尔乐其木格 ,
  • 张心壮 ,
  • 邢敬亚 ,
  • 曲洪磊 ,
  • 王涛 ,
  • 苏少锋 ,
  • 刘明丽 ,
  • 赵一萍 ,
  • 芒来
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  • 1. 内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院, 马属动物研究中心, 内蒙古自治区马属动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室, 农业农村部马属动物遗传育种与繁殖科学观测实验站, 呼和浩特 010018;
    2. 聊城大学农学院, 山东省黑毛驴高效繁育与生态饲养工程技术研究中心, 山东省驴产业科技协同创新中心, 聊城 252059;
    3. 国家胶类中药工程技术研究中心, 东阿阿胶股份有限公司, 东阿 252201
刘桂芹(1975-),女,山东聊城人,副教授,博士研究生,研究方向为动物科学。E-mail:guiqinliu@lcu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2019-07-31

  网络出版日期: 2020-02-21

基金资助

山东省现代农业产业技术体系驴产业创新团队项目资助（SDAIT-27）；山东省高等学校科技计划项目（J16LF10）

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Effects of Feeding Mode on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Cecal Microbial Diversity of Dezhou Donkeys

  • LIU Guiqin ,
  • Gerelchimeg ,
  • ZHANG Xinzhuang ,
  • XING Jingya ,
  • QU Honglei ,
  • WANG Tao ,
  • SU Shaofeng ,
  • LIU Mingli ,
  • ZHAO Yiping ,
  • Manglai
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  • 1. Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
    2. Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Agricultural College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
    3. National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Donge 252201, China

Received date: 2019-07-31

  Online published: 2020-02-21

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲喂方式对德州驴生长性能、营养物质消化率和盲肠微生物多样性的影响。选择体重[（215±10）kg]相近、2周岁左右的健康德州公驴15头，随机分为C1组（饲喂方式为先粗后精）、C2组（饲喂方式为先精后粗）、C3组[饲喂方式为全混合日粮（TMR）]，每组5头，预试期7 d，正试期75 d。结果显示：1）C2组平均日增重极显著高于C1和C3组（P≤0.01），C1组干物质和酸性洗涤纤维消化率以C1组最高，C3组次之，C2组最低，C1组与C2组间存在显著差异（P≤0.05）。2）饲喂方式对德州驴盲肠微生物组成有一定影响。在门水平上，各组盲肠微生物均以厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为主（二者占比>75%），其次为螺旋体菌门（Spirochaetes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和纤维杆菌门（Fibrobacteres），且C2组厚壁菌门相对丰度高于C1组和C3组；在属水平上，将401个属中相对丰度低于1%的属聚为其他（占比>75%）后，各组均以其他为优势菌属；随后，C1组以螺旋体科未定义属（unidentified-Spirochaetaceae）和厌氧孤菌属（Anaerovirbrio）为主，C2组以厌氧孤菌属、链球菌属（Streptococcus）和螺旋体科未定义属为主，C3组则以乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和螺旋体科未定义属为主。3）通过UPGMAA聚类树、主成分分析和物种差异性分析发现，3组德州驴盲肠微生物组成不同，且C2组与其他2组差别较大，C1组和C3组可聚为一类。综上可知，饲喂方式可极显著影响德州驴的平均日增重，显著影响干物质和酸性洗涤纤维消化率，并可改变盲肠微生物组成。

关键词： 饲喂方式; 德州驴; 生长性能; 营养物质消化率; 盲肠; 微生物多样性

本文引用格式

刘桂芹 , 格尔乐其木格 , 张心壮 , 邢敬亚 , 曲洪磊 , 王涛 , 苏少锋 , 刘明丽 , 赵一萍 , 芒来 . 饲喂方式对德州驴生长性能、营养物质消化率和盲肠微生物多样性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(2) : 706 -714 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.02.026

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding mode on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cecal microbial diversity of Dezhou donkeys. Fifteen healthy male Dezhou donkeys about the age of 2 years with similar body weight[(215±10) kg] were randomly divided into three groups, which were group C1 (fed concentrate after roughage), group C2 (fed roughage after concentrate) and group C3[fed total mixed ration (TMR)]. Each group had 5 donkeys. The adaptation period lasted for 7 days and the formal period lasted for 75 days. The results showed as follows:1) the average daily gain of group C2 was significantly higher than that of groups C1 and C3 (P ≤ 0.01). The digestibility of dry matter and acid detergent fiber of group C1 was the highest, the group C3 was the second, the group C2 was the lowest, and there was a significant difference between groups C1 and C2 (P ≤ 0.05). 2) Feeding mode had some influences on the composition of cecal microbes of Dezhou donkeys. At the level of phylum, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (accounting for more than 75%) were dominant in cecal microbes of each group, followed by Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria, Fibrobacteres. The relative abundance of Firmicutes of group C2 was higher than that of groups C1 and C3. At the level of genus, after clustered the genus which had lower abundance than 1% into other (accounting for more than 75%) during the 401 genera, the other was dominant genus in each group. Subsequently, followed by unidentified-Spirochaetaceae and Anaerovirbrio in group C1, Anaerovirbrio and Streptococcu in group C2, and Lactobacillus and unidentified-Spirochaetaceae in group C3. 3) Through UPGMAA clustering tree, principal component analysis and species difference analysis, it was found that the cecal microbial composition of three groups of Dezhou donkeys was different, and C2 group was obviously different from the other two groups, while groups C1 and C3 could be grouped together. In conclusion, the feeding mode has significant effects on the average daily gain and the digestibility of dry and acid detergent fiber. Also, the feeding mode can change the cecal microbial composition of Dezhou donkeys.

Key words： feeding mode; Dezhou donkeys; growth performance; nutrient digestibility; cecum; microbial diversity

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