为了研究放牧和舍饲2种不同的饲养方式对滩羊羔羊瘤胃真菌菌群的影响，本试验采用随机区组设计，选择体重接近、健康的刚出生放牧滩羊与舍饲滩羊羔羊各12只，放牧组羔羊随放牧哺乳母羊饲养，舍饲组随舍饲哺乳母羊饲养，2月龄时屠宰取瘤胃液，通过内转录间隔区（ITS）rDNA测序技术分析其真菌多样性及结构变化。结果表明：放牧组滩羊瘤胃中真菌多样性极显著高于舍饲组（P<0.01）。舍饲组与放牧组滩羊瘤胃真菌菌群共鉴定出6个门，其中舍饲组6个门，放牧组5个门。放牧组滩羊瘤胃中的新丽鞭毛菌门（Neocallimastigomycota）的相对丰度极显著高于舍饲组（P<0.01）；舍饲组的子囊菌门（Ascomycota）的相对丰度极显著高于放牧组（P<0.01）。放牧组滩羊瘤胃液中优势菌门为子囊菌门和新丽鞭毛菌门，舍饲组优势菌门为子囊菌门。舍饲组与放牧组滩羊瘤胃真菌菌群共鉴定出69个属，其中放牧组55个属，舍饲组56个属。舍饲组的Kazachstania、赤霉菌属（Gibberella）、酵母属（Saccharomyces）的相对丰度均极显著高于放牧组（P<0.01），香蘑属（Lepista）的相对丰度显著高于放牧组（P<0.05）。而放牧组梨囊鞭菌属（Piromyces）、盲肠鞭菌属（Caecomyces）、新丽鞭菌属（Neocallimastix）、未分类新丽鞭菌科（Neocallimastigaceae_NA）、Chalastospora等的相对丰度均极显著高于舍饲组（P<0.01）；放牧组未分类毕赤酵母科（Pichiaceae_NA）的相对丰度显著高于舍饲组（P<0.05）。放牧组优势菌属为Kazachstania和梨囊鞭菌属，舍饲组优势菌属为Kazachstania。综上所述，饲养方式对2月龄滩羊瘤胃真菌菌群结构的构建有显著影响。

In order to study the effects of two different feeding methods, grazing and feeding, on the rumen fungal flora of Tan sheep, this experiment adopted a randomized block design and selected the newborn grazing Tan sheep with close weight and health. There were 12 lambs in each group. The lambs in the grazing group were reared with grazing lactating ewes. The rearing group was kept with the rearing ewes. At the age of 2 months, the lambs were slaughtered and analyzed the fungal flora structure in the rumen fluid by interstitial (ITS) rDNA hypervariable region sequencing. The results showed as follows:the diversity of fungi in the rumen fluid of the lambs in the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the rearing group (P<0.01). Six phyla were identified in the rumen fungal flora in the grazing group and the rearing group, including 5 phyla in the rearing group and 1 phylum in the grazing group. The relative abundance of Neocallimastigomycota in the rumen the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the rearing group (P<0.01); the relative abundance of Ascomycota in the rearing group was significantly higher than that in the grazing group (P<0.01). The dominant phylum in the rumen fluid in the grazing group were Ascomycota and Neocallimastigomycota, and the dominant phylum in the rearing group was Ascomycota. A total of 69 genuses were identified from the rumen fungal flora in the grazing group and the rearing group, including 55 genuses in the grazing group and 56 genuses in the rearing group. The relative abundances of Kazachstania, Gibberella and Saccharomyces in the rearing group were significantly higher than those in the grazing group (P<0.01), and the relative abundance of Lepista was significantly higher than that in the grazing group (P<0.05). The relative abundances of Piromyces, Caecomyces, Neocallimastix, Neocallimastigaceae_NA and Chalastospora in the grazing group were significantly higher than those in the rearing group (P<0.01). The relative abundance of Pichiaceae_NA was significantly higher than that in the rearing group (P<0.05). The dominant genus in the grazing group was Kazachstania and Piromyces, and the dominant genus in the rearing group was Kazachstania. It is concluded that feeding methods has a significant impact on the construction of rumen fungal flora in 2-month-old Tan sheep.