[1] CORDES T,MICHELUCCI A,HILLER K.Itaconic acid:the surprising role of an industrial compound as a mammalian antimicrobial metabolite[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,2015,35:451-473.
[2] KUENZ A,KRULL S.Biotechnological production of itaconic acid-things you have to know[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2018,102(9):3901-3914.

[3] DA CRUZ J C,DE CASTRO A M,SÉRVULO E F C.World market and biotechnological production of itaconic acid[J].3 Biotech,2018,8:138.
[4] STRELKO C L,LU W Y,DUFORT F J,et al.Itaconic acid is a mammalian metabolite induced during macrophage activation[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2011,133(41):16386-16389.

[5] MICHELUCCI A,CORDES T,GHELFI J,et al.Immune-responsive gene 1 protein links metabolism to immunity by catalyzing itaconic acid production[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(19):7820-7825.

[6] PATEL T R,MCFADDEN B A.
Caenorhabditis elegans and
Ascaris suum:inhibition of isocitrate lyase by itaconate[J].Experimental Parasitology,1978,44(2):262-268.

[7] HILLIER S,CHARNETZKY W T.Glyoxylate bypass enzymes in
Yersinia species and multiple forms of isocitrate lyase in
Yersinia pestis[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1981,145(1):452-458.

[8] SHARMA V,SHARMA S,ZU BENTRUP K H,et al.Structure of isocitrate lyase,a persistence factor of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Nature Structural Biology,2000,7(8):663-668.

[9] RUSSELL D G.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis:here today,and here tomorrow[J].Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2001,2(8):569-578.

[10] MUNOZ-ELIAS E J,UPTON A M,CHERIAN J,et al.Role of the methylcitrate cycle in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis metabolism,intracellular growth,and virulence[J].Molecular Microbiology,2006,60(5):1109-1122.

[11] RUSSELL D G,VANDERVEN B C,LEE W,et al.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis wears what it eats[J].Cell Host & Microbe,2010,8(1):68-76.

[12] RYAN D G,MURPHY M P,FREZZA C,et al.Coupling Krebs cycle metabolites to signalling in immunity and cancer[J].Nature Metabolism,2019,1(1):16-33.

[13] CHANG C H,QIU J,O'SULLIVAN D,et al.Metabolic competition in the tumor microenvironment is a driver of cancer progression[J].Cell,2015,162(6):1229-1241.

[14] COLEGIO O R,CHU N Q,SZABO A L,et al.Functional polarization of tumour-associated macrophages by tumour-derived lactic acid[J].Nature,2014,513(7519):559-563.

[15] WEISS J M,DAVIES L C,KARWAN M,et al.Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors[J].The Journal of Clinical Investigation,2018,128(9):3794-3805.

[16] LIU H,FENG Y,XU M,et al.Four-octyl itaconate activates Keap1-Nrf2 signaling to protect neuronal cells from hydrogen peroxide[J].Cell Communication and Signaling,2018,16:81.
[17] TANG C,WANG X,XIE Y,et al.4-octyl itaconate activates Nrf2 signaling to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients[J].Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry,2018,51(2):979-990.

[18] MILLS E L,RYAN D G,PRAG H A,et al.Itaconate is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that activates Nrf2 via alkylation of KEAP1[J].Nature,2018,556(7699):113-117.

[19] BAMBOUSKOVA M,GORVEL L,LAMPROPOULOU V,et al.Electrophilic properties of itaconate and derivatives regulate the IκBζ-ATF3 inflammatory axis[J].Nature,2018,556(7702):501-504.

[20] TANG C,TAN S Y,ZHANG Y Q,et al.Activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling by 4-octyl itaconate protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from high glucose[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2019,508(3):921-927.

[21] ABLASSER A,GOLDECK M,CAVLAR T,et al.cGAS produces a 2'-5'-linked cyclic dinucleotide second messenger that activates STING[J].Nature,2013,498(7454):380-384.

[22] LOO Y M,FORMEK J,CROCHET N,et al.Distinct RIG-Ⅰ and MDA5 signaling by RNA viruses in innate immunity[J].Journal of Virology,2008,82(1):335-345.

[23] BURDETTE D L,MONROE K M,SOTELO-TROHA K,et al.STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP[J].Nature,2011,478(7370):515-518.

[24] OLAGNIER D,BRANDTOFT A M,GUNDERSTOFTE C,et al.Nrf2 negatively regulates STING indicating a link between antiviral sensing and metabolic reprogramming[J].Nature Communications,2018,9:3506.
[25] DANIELS B P,KOFMAN S B,SMITH J R,et al.The Nucleotide sensor ZBP1 and kinase RIPK3 induce the enzyme IRG1 to promote an antiviral metabolic state in neurons[J].Immunity,2019,50(1):64-76.

[26] SETHY B,HSIEH C F,LIN T J,et al.Design,synthesis,and biological evaluation of itaconic acid derivatives as potential anti-influenza agents[J].Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2019,62(5):2390-2403.

[27] BOOTH A N,TAYLOR J,WILSON R H,et al.The inhibitory effects of itaconic acid
in vitro and
in vivo[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1952,195(2):697-702.
[28] CORDES T,WALLACE M,MICHELUCCI A,et al.Immunoresponsive gene 1 and itaconate inhibit succinate dehydrogenase to modulate intracellular succinate levels[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2016,291(27):14274-14284.

[29] BALAMURUGAN K.HIF-1 at the crossroads of hypoxia,inflammation,and cancer[J].International Journal of Cancer,2016,138(5):1058-1066.

[30] MINCHENKO O,OPENTANOVA I,CARO J.Hypoxic regulation of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene family (PFKFB-1-4) expression
in vivo[J].FEBS Letters,2003,554(3):264-270.