[1] FERGUSON J D.Diet,production and reproduction in dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1996,59(1/2/3):173-184.
[2] HEUER C,SCHUKKEN Y H,DOBBELAAR P.Postpartum body condition score and results from the first test day milk as predictors of disease,fertility,yield,and culling in commercial dairy herds[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(2):295-304.

[3] BUTTCHEREIT N,STAMER E,JUNGE W,et al.Evaluation of five lactation curve models fitted for fat protein ratio of milk and daily energy balance[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(4):1702-1712.

[4] TONI F,VINCENTI L,GRIGOLETTO L,et al.Early lactation ratio of fat and protein percentage in milk is associated with health,milk production,and survival[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(4):1772-1783.

[5] STAUFENBIEL R,SCHRODER U,GELFERT C C,et al.Body condition and metabolic stability as basis of high milk yield,reproductive performance,and general health in dairy cows[J].Archiv Fur Tierzucht,2003,46(6):513-526.
[6] ROCHE J R,BERRY D P.Periparturient climatic,animal,and management factors influencing the incidence of milk fever in grazing systems[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2775-2783.

[7] MULLIGAN F J,DOHERTY M L.Production diseases of the transition cow[J].The Veterinary Journal,2008,176(1):3-9.

[8] STEVENSON J S.Reproductive management of dairy cows in high milk-producing herds[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84:E128-E143.
[9] BUTLER W R,SMITH R D.Interrelationships between energy balance and postpartum reproductive function in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1989,72(3):767-783.

[10] KNIGHT C H.Lactation and gestation in dairy cows:flexibility avoids nutritional extremes[J].Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2001,60(4):527-537.

[11] NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[M].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2001.
[12] VANDEHAAR M J,YOUSIF G,SHARMA B K,et al.Effect of energy and protein density of prepartum diets on fat and protein metabolism of dairy cattle in the periparturient period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(6):1282-1295.

[13] LI X W,BAI G B,CHEN H,et al.Effects of non-esterified fatty acids on the gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2012,359(1/2):385-388.
[14] MACMILLAN K L,LEAN I J,WESTWOOD C T.The effects of lactation on the fertility of dairy cows[J].Australian Veterinary Journal,1996,73(4):141-147.

[15] RASTANI R R,GRUMMER R R,BERTICS S J,et al.Reducing dry period length to simplify feeding transition cows:milk production,energy balance,and metabolic profiles[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(3):1004-1014.

[16] KESSEL S,STROEHL M,MEYER H H D,et al.Individual variability in physiological adaptation to metabolic stress during early lactation in dairy cows kept under equal conditions[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(11):2903-2912.

[17] BAUMAN D E,GRIINARI J M.Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,2003,23:203-227.
[18] OSPINA P A,NYDAM D V,STOKOL T,et al.Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence,pregnancy rate,and milk production at the herd level[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(8):3595-3601.

[19] NEBEL R L,MCGILLIARD M L.Interactions of high milk yield and reproductive performance in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1993,76(10):3257-3268.

[20] ROCHE J R,FRIGGENS C,KAY J K,et al.Invited review:body condition score and its association with dairy cow productivity,health,and welfare[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(12):5769-5801.

[21] HOLTENIUS K,AGENÄS S,DELAVAUD C,et al.Effects of feeding intensity during the dry period.2.Metabolic and hormonal responses[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(3):883-891.

[22] RODRIGUEZ-JIMENEZ S,HAERR K J,TREVISI E,et al.Prepartal standing behavior as a parameter for early detection of postpartal subclinical ketosis associated with inflammation and liver function biomarkers in peripartal dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(9):8224-8235.

[23] PIÑEIRO J M,MENICHETTI B T,BARRAGAN A A,et al.Associations of pre-and postpartum lying time with metabolic,inflammation,and health status of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2019,102(4):3348-3361.

[24] GROSS J J,BRUCKMAIER R M.Review:metabolic challenges in lactating dairy cows and their assessment via established and novel indicators in milk[J].Animal,2019,13(Suppl.1):S75-S81.
[25] TUTEJA S K,DUFFIELD T,NEETHIRAJAN S.Graphene-based multiplexed disposable electrochemical biosensor for rapid on-farm monitoring of NEFA and βHBA dairy biomarkers[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry B,2017,5(33):6930-6940,doi:10.1039/C7TB01382E.
[26] REMPPIS S,STEINGASS H,GRUBER L,et al.Effects of energy intake on performance,mobilization and retention of body tissue,and metabolic parameters in dairy cows with special regard to effects of pre-partum nutrition on lactation-a review[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,24(4):540-572.

[27] SORDILLO L M,AITKEN S L.Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2009,128(1/2/3):104-109.
[28] GARNSWORTHY P C,LOCK A,MANN G E,et al.Nutrition,metabolism,and fertility in dairy cows:1.Dietary energy source and ovarian function[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(10):3814-3823.

[29] BULTER W R.Energy balance relationships with follicular development,ovulation and fertility in postpartum dairy cows[J].Livestock Production Science,2003,83(2/3):211-218.
[30] SHARMA A,BADDELA V S,BECKER F,et al.Elevated free fatty acids affect bovine granulosa cell function:a molecular cue for compromised reproduction during negative energy balance[J].Endocrine Connections,2019,8(5):493-505.

[31] LEBLANC S J,LESLIE K E,DUFFIELD T F.Metabolic predictors of displaced abomasum in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(1):159-170.

[32] DUFFIELD T F,LISSEMORE K D,MCBRIDE B W,et al.Impact of hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cows on health and production[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(2):571-580.

[33] SURIYASATHAPORN W,HEUER C,NOORDHUIZEN-STASSEN E N,et al.Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense:a review[J].Veterinary Research,2000,31(4):397-412.

[34] WALSH R B,WALTON J S,KELTON D F,et al.The effect of subclinical ketosis in early lactation on reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(6):2788-2796.

[35] JEONG J K,CHOI I S,KANG H G,et al.Relationship between serum metabolites,body condition,peri-and postpartum health and resumption of postpartum cyclicity in dairy cows[J].Livestock Science,2015,181:31-37.
[36] BENEDET A,MANUELIAN C L,ZIDI A,et al.Invited review:β-hydroxybutyrate concentration in blood and milk and its associations with cow performance[J].Animal,2019,13(8):1-14.
[37] LI B,FIKSE W F,LØVENDAHL P,et al.Genetic heterogeneity of feed intake,energy-corrected milk,and body weight across lactation in primiparous Holstein,Nordic Red,and Jersey cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(11):10011-10021.

[38] SPURLOCK D M,DEKKERS J C,FERNANDO R,et al.Genetic parameters for energy balance,feed efficiency,and related traits in Holstein cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(9):5393-5402.

[39] DANN H M,LITHERLAND N B,UNDERWOOD J P,et al.Diets during far-off and close-up dry periods affect periparturient metabolism and lactation in multiparous cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(9):3563-3577.

[40] DOUGLAS G N,OVERTON T R,BATEMAN H G,et al.Prepartal plane of nutrition,regardless of dietary energy source,affects periparturient metabolism and dry matter intake in Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(6):2141-2157.

[41] HAYIRLI A,KEISLER D H,DOEPEL L,et al.Peripartum responses of dairy cows to prepartal feeding level and dietary fatty acid source[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(2):917-930.

[42] MANN S,YEPES F A L,OVERTON T R,et al.Dry period plane of energy:effects on feed intake,energy balance,milk production,and composition in transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(5):3366-3382.

[43] JANOVICK N A,BOISCLAIR Y R,DRACKLEY J K.Prepartum dietary energy intake affects metabolism and health during the periparturient period in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(3):1385-1400.

[44] ROCHE J R,KAY J K,PHYN C V C,et al.Dietary structural to nonfiber carbohydrate concentration during the transition period in grazing dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(8):3671-3683.

[45] RADUNZ A E,FLUHARTY F L,DAY M L,et al.Prepartum dietary energy source fed to beef cows:Ⅰ.Effects on pre-and postpartum cow performance[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,88(8):2717-2728.
[46] NIKKHAH A,EHSANBAKHSH F,ZAHMATKESH D,et al.Prepartal wheat grain feeding improves energy and calcium status of periparturient Holstein heifers[J].Animal,2011,5(4):522-527.

[47] SHAHSAVARI A,D'OCCHIO M J,AI JASSIM R.The role of rumen-protected choline in hepatic function and performance of transition dairy cows[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2016,116(1):35-44.

[48] COOKE R F,DEL RÍO N S,CARAVIELLO D Z,et al.Supplemental choline for prevention and alleviation of fatty liver in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2413-2418.

[49] ZENOBI M G,SCHEFFLER T L,ZUNIGA J E,et al.Feeding increasing amounts of ruminally protected choline decreased fatty liver in nonlactating,pregnant Holstein cows in negative energy status[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(7):5902-5923.

[50] OLIVEIRA R C,PRALLE R S,DE RESENDE L C,et al.Prepartum supplementation of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) increased milk energy output and decreased serum fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate in early lactation dairy cows[J].PLoS One,2018,13(5):e0197733.
[51] BASOGLU A,BASPINAR N,TENORI L,et al.Effects of boron supplementation on peripartum dairy cows' health[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2017,179(2):218-225.

[52] GUMEN A,KESKIN A,YILMAZBAS-MECITOGLU G,et al.Dry period management and optimization of post-partum reproductive management in dairy cattle[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2011,46:11-17.
[53] WATTERS R D,GUENTHER J N,BRICKNER A E,et al.Effects of dry period length on milk production and health of dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(7):2595-2603.

[54] O'HARA E A,OMAZIC A,OLSSON I,et al.Effects of dry period length on milk production and energy balance in two cow breeds[J].Animal,2018,12(3):508-514.

[55] DOS SANTOS G B,BRANDÃO F Z,DOS SANTOS RIBEIRO L,et al.Metabolic,follicular and embryo production responses of postpartum crossbred Holstein×Gir dairy cows fed diets with different energy levels[J].Animal Production Science,2018,59(8):1446-1453.
[56] JANICEK B N,KONONOFF P J,GEHMANN A M,et al.Short communication:effect of increasing levels of corn bran on milk yield and composition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(9):4313-4316.

[57] PENNER G B,OBA M.Increasing dietary sugar concentration may improve dry matter intake,ruminal fermentation,and productivity of dairy cows in the postpartum phase of the transition period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(7):3341-3353.

[58] VAN KNEGSEL A T,VAN DEN BRAND H,DIJKSTRA J,et al.Dietary energy source in dairy cows in early lactation:energy partitioning and milk composition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(3):1467-1476.

[59] 张吉鹍.浅析反刍家畜日粮中饲料组合效应产生的机理[J].中国饲料添加剂,2005(5):6-11.
[60] AMANLOU H,FARAHANI T A,FARSUNI N E.Effects of rumen undegradable protein supplementation on productive performance and indicators of protein and energy metabolism in Holstein fresh cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(5):3628-3640.

[61] GARNSWORTHY P C,FOULADI-NASHTA A A,MANN G E,et al.Effect of dietary-induced changes in plasma insulin concentrations during the early post partum period on pregnancy rate in dairy cows[J].Reproduction,2009,137(4):759-768.

[62] VANHOLDER T,LEROY J L M R,DEWULF J,et al.Hormonal and metabolic profiles of high-yielding dairy cows prior to ovarian cyst formation or first ovulation post partum[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2005,40(5):460-467.

[63] FOULADI-NASHTA A A,GUTIERREZ C G,GARNSWORTHY P C,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate source on oocyte/embryo quality and development in high-yielding,lactating dairy cattle[J].Biology of Reproduction,2005:135-136.
[64] 王艳辉,高阳,张洪友.丙二醇预防酮病的效果研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2016,28(6):43-48.
[65] 严宝英,侯引绪,曾光祥,等.产后灌服丙二醇与钙磷镁合剂及复方口服补液盐对奶牛血液生化指标的影响[J].中国奶牛,2014(16):23-25.
[66] GHEISE N J E,RIASI A,CELI P,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of pioglitazone or walnut meal on metabolic profiles and oxidative status in dairy cows with high pre-calving BCS[J].The Journal of Dairy Research,2018,85(1):16-22.

[67] RABELO E,REZENDE R L,BERTICS S J,et al.Effects of transition diets varying in dietary energy density on lactation performance and ruminal parameters of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(3):916-925.

[68] KOKKONEN T,TESFA A,TUORI M,et al.Concentrate feeding strategy of dairy cows during transition period[J].Livestock Production Science,2004,86(1/2/3):239-251.
[69] MIKU?A R,NOWAK W,JA?KOWSKI J M,et al.Effects of different starch sources on metabolic profile,production and fertility parameters in dairy cows[J].Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2011,14(1):55-64.
[70] DE VISSER H.Characterization of carbohydrates in concentrates for dairy cows[M]//GAINSWORTHY P G,COLE D J A.Recent advances in animal nutrition.Nottingham:University Press,1993:19.
[71] HARMON D L,MCLEOD K R.Glucose uptake and regulation by intestinal tissues:implications and whole-body energetic[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(Suppl.E):E59-E72.
[72] VAN KNEGSEL A T M,VAN DEN BRAND H,GRAAT E A M,et al.Dietary energy source in dairy cows in early lactation:metabolites and metabolic hormones[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(3):1477-1485.

[73] PETIT H V,PALIN M F,DOEPEL L.Hepatic lipid metabolism in transition dairy cows fed flaxseed[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(10):4780-4792.

[74] CALDARI-TORRES C,LOCK A L,STAPLES C R,et al.Performance,metabolic,and endocrine responses of periparturient Holstein cows fed 3 sources of fat[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(3):1500-1510.

[75] 张海波.日粮补充脂肪酸钙对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标及激素浓度的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(12):73-77.
[76] MORRISON E I,REINHARDT H,LECLERC H,et al.Effect of rumen-protected B vitamins and choline supplementation on health,production,and reproduction in transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(10):9016-9027.

[77] YOUSSEF M A,YOUNIS M S,EL-ASHKER M R,ET AL.Effect of prepartum supplementation with niacin,choline and cod liver oil on postpartum insulin sensitivity and the redox status in cows with subclinical ketosis[J].Animal Production Science,2017,58(10):1847-1853.
[78] 陈志远,王剑飞,高健,等.过瘤胃烟酸对围产期奶牛生产性能和脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国奶牛,2018(4):10-13.
[79] 陈志远,李炎,王剑飞.基于Meta分析烟酸对奶牛血液酮体指标的影响[J].饲料广角,2017(8):31-33.
[80] 史杰.过瘤胃胆碱对围产期奶牛泌乳性能及部分血液生化指标的影响[J].中国奶牛,2018(9):14-18.
[81] 叶耿坪,张晓峰,王文丹,等.富硒和过瘤胃胆碱新型添加剂对围产期奶牛生产性能及健康状况的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):1073-1083.
[82] 孙菲菲.胆碱和蛋氨酸对奶牛围产期营养平衡和机体健康的影响及机制[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[83] WEI X S,CAI C J,HE J J,et al.Effects of biotin and nicotinamide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism and milk production of transition dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,237:106-117.
[84] LI H Q,LIU Q,WANG C,et al.Effects of dietary supplements of rumen-protected folic acid on lactation performance,energy balance,blood parameters and reproductive performance in dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,213:55-63.
[85] FIORE E,PERILLO L,PICCIONE G,et al.Effect of combined acetylmethionine,cyanocobalamin and α-lipoic acid on hepatic metabolism in high-yielding dairy cow[J].Journal of Dairy Research,2016,83(4):438-441.

[86] WANG D M,ZHANG B X,WANG J K,et al.Short communication:effects of dietary 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole supplementation on vitamin B
12 supply,lactation performance,and energy balance in dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(3):2144-2147.

[87] WU Z,ALUGONGO G M,XIAO J X,et al.Effects of an immunomodulatory feed additive on body weight,production parameters,blood metabolites,and health in multiparous transition Holstein cows[J].Animal Science Journal,2019,90(2):167-177.

[88] DRONG C,MEYER U,VON SOOSTEN D,et al.Effect of monensin and essential oils on performance and energy metabolism of transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2016,100(3):537-551.

[89] HAUSMANN J,DEINER C,PATRA A K,et al.Effects of a combination of plant bioactive lipid compounds and biotin compared with monensin on body condition,energy metabolism and milk performance in transition dairy cows[J].PLoS One,2018,13(3):e0193685.
[90] 王欣荣,苏东伟,成述儒,等.牛至精油对奶牛产后发情及繁殖性能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(11):2211-2214.
[91] 张小丽,吴建,韩雪峰,等.过瘤胃葡萄糖对围产期奶牛空肠微生物群落和黏膜代谢及免疫相关基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(7):3143-3155.