动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 6: 2575 - 2585

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.06.017

猪营养与饲料 SWINE NUTRITION AND FEED

饲粮纤维水平对金华猪生长性能、盲肠菌群结构和短链脂肪酸含量的影响

  • 任敏敏 ,
  • 杨华 ,
  • 项云 ,
  • 章啸君 ,
  • 徐娥 ,
  • 申露露 ,
  • 肖英平
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  • 1. 贵州大学动物科学学院, 贵阳 550025;
    2. 浙江农业科学院省部共建农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 杭州 310021;
    3. 浙江农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所, 杭州 310021;
    4. 金华市农业科学研究院畜牧兽医研究所, 金华 321017
任敏敏(1995-),女,贵州印江人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物饲料与营养。E-mail:894675088@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-12-19

  网络出版日期: 2020-06-16

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（31972999）；金华市科技局农业重点项目（2016-2-001）

收起

Effects of Dietary Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Microbial Community Structure and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Content in Cecum of Jinhua Pigs

  • REN Minmin ,
  • YANG Hua ,
  • XIANG Yun ,
  • ZHANG Xiaojun ,
  • XU E ,
  • SHEN Lulu ,
  • XIAO Yingping
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  • 1. College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
    3. Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
    4. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321017, China

Received date: 2019-12-19

  Online published: 2020-06-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮纤维水平对金华猪生长性能、盲肠菌群结构和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）含量的影响。试验选取45头平均体重为54.27 kg的健康金华猪，随机分为低纤维组（LF组）、中纤维组（MF组）和高纤维组（HF组），每组5个重复，每个重复3头猪。LF组饲喂基础饲粮，MF组和HF组分别在基础饲粮中添加7.5%和15.0%苜蓿粉；LF组、MF组和HF组饲粮中的纤维水平分别为3.86%、4.55%和5.92%。试验期60 d。试验结束后，每个重复选取1头接近平均体重的猪进行屠宰，取盲肠内容物用于提取微生物基因组DNA，采用实时荧光定量PCR对特定的微生物类群进行定量分析，同时采用高通量测序分析菌群结构，并测定SCFA含量。结果表明：1）金华猪体重随着饲粮纤维水平的升高呈现上升的趋势（P>0.05），平均日增重显著升高（P<0.05）。2）金华猪盲肠中的优势菌门是厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、软壁菌门（Tenericutes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria），占90%以上，其中拟杆菌门相对丰度随饲粮纤维水平升高而显著升高（P<0.05）。3）在属水平上，优势菌属分别是拟杆菌目S24-7菌属（Bacteroidales S24-7 group norank）、拟普雷沃氏菌属（Alloprevotella）、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003菌属（Prevotellaceae UCG-003）、毛螺菌科XPB1014菌属（Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group）和瘤胃球菌科UCG-005菌属（Ruminococcaceae UCG-005）等。其中，拟杆菌目S24-7菌属和拟普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度随着饲粮纤维水平的升高而升高（P<0.05）。4）与LF组相比，HF组金华猪盲肠中乳酸杆菌、梭菌群Ⅰ以及丁酰辅酶A乙酸辅酶A转移酶基因丰度显著升高（P<0.05），丁酸和总SCFA含量也显著升高（P<0.05）。由此可见，适当提高饲粮纤维水平可提高金华猪盲肠中拟杆菌目S24-7菌属、拟普雷沃氏菌属相对丰度以及菌群发酵产丁酸关键酶丁酰辅酶A乙酸辅酶A转移酶基因丰度，从而提高盲肠中丁酸及总SCFA的含量，最终改善金华猪的平均日增重。

关键词： 饲粮纤维; 金华猪; 生长性能; 肠道菌群; 短链脂肪酸

本文引用格式

任敏敏 , 杨华 , 项云 , 章啸君 , 徐娥 , 申露露 , 肖英平 . 饲粮纤维水平对金华猪生长性能、盲肠菌群结构和短链脂肪酸含量的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(6) : 2575 -2585 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.06.017

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary fiber levels on growth performance, microbial community structure and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in cecum of Jinhua pigs. Forty-five healthy Jinhua pigs with average body weight of 54.27 kg were randomly divided into low fiber group (LF group), medium fiber group (MF group) and high fiber group (HF group) with 5 replicates per group and 3 pigs in each replicate. Pigs in LF group were fed a basal diet, and those in MF and HF groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 7.5% and 15.0% alfalfa meal, respectively. The dietary fiber level of LF, MF and HF groups were 3.86%, 4.55% and 5.92%, respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, every one pig nearly average weight in each replicate was selected for slaughter to collect the cecal contents. The microbial genomic DNA were extracted to quantitatively measure the specific microbial populations by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and to analyze microbial community structure by high-throughput sequencing. The SCFA content was also measured. The results showed as follows: 1) the body weight of Jinhua pigs tended to be increased with the dietary fiber level increasing (P>0.05), and the average daily weight gain was significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla which accounted for more than 90% of the microbiome in the cecal contents of Jinhua pigs. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly increased with the dietary fiber level increasing (P<0.05). 3) The dominant genera included Bacteroidales S24-7 group norank, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, et al. The relative abundances of Bacteroidales S24-7 group norank and Alloprevotella were significantly increased with the dietary fiber level increasing (P<0.05). 4) Compared with LF group, it was observed that the cecal gene abundances of Lactobacillus, Clostridium cluster Ⅰ and butyryl-CoA acetate-CoA transferase of Jinhua pigs in HF group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of butyrate and SCFA were also significantly increased (P<0.05). These results suggest that increasing dietary fiber level appropriately can increase the relative abundances of Bacteroidales S24-7 group norank and Alloprevotella, as well as the gene abundance of butyryl-CoA acetate-CoA transferase, a key enzyme for butyrate production for bacteria fermentation in cecum of Jinhua pigs, thus increasing the contents of butyrate and total SCFA in cecum, and finally improves the average daily gain of Jinhua pigs.

Key words： dietary fiber; Jinhua pig; growth performance; intestinal flora; short-chain fatty acid

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