动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 6: 2650 - 2662

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.06.024

禽营养与饲料 POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEED

饲粮中镉对蛋鸡的毒性效应研究

  • 张娟 ,
  • 李浪 ,
  • 刘光芒 ,
  • 王建萍 ,
  • 林燕 ,
  • 白世平 ,
  • 张克英 ,
  • 张军民 ,
  • 赵青余 ,
  • 吴彩梅
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  • 1. 四川农业大学动物营养研究所, 四川省农业部动物抗病营养与饲料重点实验室, 成都 611130;
    2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193
张娟(1994-),女,重庆万州人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:996022986@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-12-10

  网络出版日期: 2020-06-16

基金资助

国家科技支撑计划项目（2014BAD13B05）

收起

Toxic Effects of Dietary Cadmium on Laying Hens

  • ZHANG Juan ,
  • LI Lang ,
  • LIU Guangmang ,
  • WANG Jianping ,
  • LIN Yan ,
  • BAI Shiping ,
  • ZHANG Keying ,
  • ZHANG Junmin ,
  • ZHAO Qingyu ,
  • WU Caimei
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  • 1. Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
    2. Institute of Animal Sciences of CAAS, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2019-12-10

  Online published: 2020-06-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中镉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化指标、血浆生化指标、组织病理改变的毒性效应。选取40周龄产蛋高峰期的健康罗曼粉壳蛋鸡150只，随机分为5组，每组3个重复，每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加10、30、50、70 mg/kg镉[实际添加物氧化镉（CdCl2·2.5H2O）]的试验饲粮。试验期8周，分为试验前期（1~4周）和试验后期（5~8周）。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，试验全期，10 mg/kg组平均日采食量升高，但差异不显著（P>0.05），30~70 mg/kg组随镉添加量的增加而降低，70 mg/kg组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；试验后期（5~8周）平均日采食量显著低于试验前期（1~4周）（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，试验全期，产蛋率随镉添加量的增加而降低，10、30 mg/kg组间差异不显著（P>0.05），50、70 mg/kg组显著降低（P<0.05）。2）与对照组相比，试验全期，10 mg/kg组蛋壳强度、蛋白高度升高，但差异不显著（P>0.05），30~70 mg/kg组随镉添加量的增加蛋壳强度显著降低（P<0.05），蛋白高度有降低趋势（P>0.05）；试验后期（5~8周）哈夫单位显著低于试验前期（1~4周）（P<0.05）。3）肝脏、肾脏、卵巢中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性随镉添加量的增加呈线性下降（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，10 mg/kg组输卵管谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、T-SOD活性和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量显著升高（P<0.05），但30~70 mg/kg组低于10 mg/kg组（P<0.05）；10 mg/kg组卵巢丙二醛（MDA）含量降低（P>0.05），但30~70 mg/kg组显著高于10 mg/kg组（P<0.05）。4）与对照组相比，10 mg/kg组血浆甘油三酯（TG）含量显著升高（P<0.05），30~70 mg/kg组随镉添加量的增加而降低（P<0.05）；血浆白蛋白（ALB）含量随镉添加量的增加呈线性降低（P<0.05）；50、70 mg/kg组的血浆谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。5）与对照组相比，4个镉添加组的肝脏、肾脏、输卵管发生了不同程度的病理学改变；50、70 mg/kg组组织病理评分显著高于对照组和10~30 mg/kg组（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下，蛋鸡饲粮中10 mg/kg镉可提高蛋鸡采食量及蛋壳、蛋白品质，减轻输卵管氧化应激，但可引起肝脏、肾脏、输卵管发生一定程度病理改变，引起肝脏氧化应激和血液生化指标的改变。而蛋鸡饲粮中30、50、70 mg/kg镉降低了蛋鸡采食量、产蛋率和蛋品质，引起蛋鸡产生氧化应激和血液生化指标的改变，造成了肝脏、肾脏和输卵管病理改变。

关键词： 镉; 蛋鸡; 生产性能; 蛋品质; 血浆生化指标; 抗氧化; 组织病理

本文引用格式

张娟 , 李浪 , 刘光芒 , 王建萍 , 林燕 , 白世平 , 张克英 , 张军民 , 赵青余 , 吴彩梅 . 饲粮中镉对蛋鸡的毒性效应研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(6) : 2650 -2662 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.06.024

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of dietary cadmium on performance, egg quality, antioxidant, plasma biochemical indicators and histopathology of laying hens. A total of 150 (40-week-old) healthy Lohmann pink-shell laying hens at the peak of egg production were randomly divided into 5 groups, 3 replicates in each group, 10 chickens per replicate: control group fed a basal diet, experimental groups fed the basal diet supplemented with 10, 30, 50 and 70 mg/kg cadmium (CdCl2·2.5H2O). The period of the experiment was 8 weeks, which included a pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) and a post-test period (5 to 8 weeks). The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, in the whole period of the test, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) in 10 mg/kg group enhanced, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05), and reduced with the increase of cadmium supplemental level in the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups, the ADFI in 70 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); the ADFI in post-test period (5 to 8 weeks) was significantly lower than that in pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the laying rate decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level, and there was no significant difference between the 10 and 30 mg/kg groups (P>0.05), and that in the 50 and 70 mg/kg groups had a significant decrease in the whole period of the test (P<0.05). 2) In the whole period of the test, compared with the control group, the shell intensity and albumin height in the 10 mg/kg group increased (P>0.05), the shell intensity significantly decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05) and the albumin height had a decreasing tendency in the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups (P>0.05). The huff unit in the post-test period (5 to 8 weeks) was significantly lower than that in pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) (P<0.05). 3) The glutathione (GSH) content and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the liver, kidney and ovary decreased linearly with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the activities of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), T-SOD and GSH content in oviduct in the 10 mg/kg group significantly increased (P<0.05), furthermore, the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups was significantly lower than the 10 mg/kg group (P<0.05). The content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in ovaries in the 10 mg/kg group significantly decreased (P>0.05), and the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than 10 mg/kg group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the content of triglyceride (TG) in plasma in the 10 mg/kg group significantly increased (P<0.05), and the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05). The plasma albumin (ALB) content decreased linearly with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P>0.05). The plasma glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) activity in the 50 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the liver, kidney and oviduct in the four treatment groups adding cadmium had different pathological changes. The pathological score in 50 mg/kg 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than those in control group and 10 to 30 mg/kg groups (P<0.05). Therefore, under the conditions of the present experiment, 10 mg/kg dietary cadmium can enhance feed intake, eggshell and albumin quality, and alleviate oxidative stress of oviduct, however, it can cause pathological changes in the liver, kidney and oviduct to a certain extent, causing oxidative stress in the liver and changes in blood biochemical indexes. The 30 to 70 mg/kg cadmium reduce feed intake, egg production rate and egg quality, and resulting in oxidative stress and changes in blood biochemical indexes and pathological changes in liver, kidney and oviduct.

Key words： cadmium; laying hens; performance; egg quality; plasma biochemical indicators; antioxidant; histopathology

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