动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 6: 2710 - 2721

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.06.030

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

不同分级指数粗饲料组合对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响

  • 夏洪泽 ,
  • 张琳琳 ,
  • 王银梦 ,
  • 郝文君 ,
  • 崔占鸿 ,
  • 孙璐 ,
  • 刘书杰
展开
  • 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810016;
    3. 青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室, 西宁 810016
夏洪泽(1996-),男,吉林梨树人,硕士研究生,动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:2290947926@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-11-28

  网络出版日期: 2020-06-16

基金资助

放牧牦牛冷季营养平衡调控技术研究项目（2018YFD0502403）；青海省"高端创新人才"千人计划拔尖人才项目；青海省科技厅项目（2017-GX-G06）；中国科学院"西部之光"项目（3-4）

收起

Effects of Different Graded Indexes Combined Forage on Yak Rumen Fermentation Characteristics in Vitro

  • XIA Hongze ,
  • ZHANG Linlin ,
  • WANG Yinmeng ,
  • HAO Wenjun ,
  • CUI Zhanhong ,
  • SUN Lu ,
  • LIU Shujie
Expand
  • 1. Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    2. Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China

Received date: 2019-11-28

  Online published: 2020-06-16

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在从瘤胃发酵和纤维消化来研究粗饲料分级指数（GI）优化牦牛饲粮粗饲料科学搭配的组合效应。选取4种不同GI的粗饲料[苜蓿干草（9.52）、青贮玉米（1.81）、燕麦干草（1.34）、小麦秸秆（1.24）]，体外发酵试验以苜蓿干草与青贮玉米、苜蓿干草与小麦秸秆、苜蓿干草与燕麦干草的3种组合进行，各组合比例分别为70：30、60：40、50：50、40：60、30：70，每种比例设3个重复，共发酵48 h并且进行2次重复试验。结果表明：1）苜蓿干草与青贮玉米组合时，各GI之间的产气量（GP）及氨态氮（NH3-N）、甲烷（CH4）、丁酸含量差异显著或极显著（P<0.01或P<0.05），且在GI=7.20时有最大值；各GI之间的干物质消失率（IVDMD）及中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、总蛋白（TP）、乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量差异不显著（P>0.05），但随着GI减小，IVDMD及NDF、TP含量呈现先减少后增加的趋势，并且在GI=4.89时达到了最小值；乙酸、丙酸、TVFA含量随GI减小而减少。2）苜蓿干草与小麦秸秆组合时，各GI之间的GP、IVDMD及NDF、NH3-N、TP、CH4、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、TVFA含量差异显著或极显著（P<0.01或P<0.05），且GI=6.21时有最大值；IVDMD及NDF、NH3-N、TP、CH4及TVFA含量随着GI减小呈现先增加后减少的趋势，并且在GI=6.21时达到了最大值。3）苜蓿干草与燕麦干草组合时，各GI之间的GP、IVDMD及NDF、NH3-N、TP、CH4、丙酸、丁酸、TVFA含量差异显著或极显著（P<0.01或P<0.05），且在GI=6.25时达到最大值，各GI之间乙酸含量差异不显著（P>0.05）；IVDMD及NDF、CH4、NH3-N及TP、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、TVFA含量随着GI减小呈现先增加后减少的趋势，并且在GI=6.25时达到了最大值。基于GP、pH、IVDMD及CH4、NDF、TP、NH3-N含量及单项组合效应值（SFAEI）和多项组合效应值（MFAEI）等指标得出：苜蓿干草-青贮玉米组合中GI=7.20时组合效果最优；苜蓿干草-小麦秸秆组合中GI=6.21时组合效果最优；苜蓿干草-燕麦干草组合中GI=6.25时组合效果最优。

关键词： 粗饲料; 分级指数; 牦牛; 瘤胃发酵; 组合效应

本文引用格式

夏洪泽 , 张琳琳 , 王银梦 , 郝文君 , 崔占鸿 , 孙璐 , 刘书杰 . 不同分级指数粗饲料组合对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(6) : 2710 -2721 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.06.030

Abstract

The objective of the study was to optimize the scientific combination of yak diets and reveal the positive combination effect of grading index (GI) on rumen fermentation and fiber digestion. Alfalfa hay (GI=9.52), silage corn (GI=1.81), oat hay (GI=1.34) and wheat straw (GI=1.24) were used as research objects. In vitro fermentation test in three combinations (alfalfa hay-silage corn, alfalfa hay-oat hay and alfalfa hay-wheat straw). The proportion of each combination were 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70. Three ratios were set for each ratio, co-fermentation for 48 h and two replicates were performed. The results showed as follows: 1)in the combination of alfalfa hay-silage corn, gas production (GP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), CH4 and butyric acid contents were significantly different among GI (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and GI=7.20 had the highest value; dry matter disappearance in vitro (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total protein (TP), acetic acid, propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) contents were not significantly different among GI (P>0.05). IVDMD and the contents of NDF and TP were decreased first and then increased, GI=4.89 had the lowest values, and the acetic acid, propionic acid and TVFA contents were decreased with the decreasing of GI (P>0.05). 2)In the combination of alfalfa hay-wheat straw, GP, IVDMD, the contents of NDF, NH3-N, TP, CH4, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and TVFA were significantly different among GI (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and GI=6.21 had the highest values. The IVDMD, the contents of NH3-N, NDF, TP and CH4 were increased first and then decreased with the decreasing of GI, and GI=6.21 had the highest values. 3)In the combination of alfalfa hay-oat hay, the GP, IVDMD, the contents of NDF, NH3-N, TP, CH4, propionic acid, butyric acid and TVFA were significantly different (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and GI=6.25 had the highest values, and the acetic acid content had no significant difference among GI (P>0.05). The IVDMD, the contents of NDF, NH3-N, TP, CH4, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and TVFA were increased first and then decreased with the decreasing of GI, and GI=6.25 had the highest. Based on GP, pH, IVDMD, the contents of CH4, NDF, TP, NH3-N, single factors associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI): the associative effect of alfalfa hay-silage corn with GI=7.20 is the best; the associative effect of alfalfa hay-wheat straw with GI=6.21 is the best; the associative effect of alfalfa hay-oat hay with GI=6.25 is the best.

Key words： roughage; grading index; yak; rumen fermentation; associative effect

参考文献

[1] KELLEMS R O,CHURCH D C.Livestock feeds and feeding[M].4th ed.New Jersey,USA:Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,1998:113.
[2] 张吉鹍.粗饲料分级指数参数的模型化及粗饲料科学搭配的组合效应研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2005.
[3] 靳玲品.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定方法的比较研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[4] 朱双,王法明,张爱忠,等.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定与组合优化配方的筛选[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第七届中国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.郑州:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2014:478.
[5] 张吉鹍,邹庆华,李龙瑞.饲料间的组合效应及其在粗饲料科学搭配上的应用[J].饲料广角,2003(21):26-30.
[6] MENKE K H,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Research and Development,1988,28:47-55.
[7] 冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993(4):40-41.
[8] 曹庆云,周武艺,朱贵钊,等.气相色谱测定羊瘤胃液中挥发性脂肪酸方法研究[J].中国饲料,2006(24):26-28.
[9] 王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011:139-141.
[10] 王旭.利用GI技术对粗饲料进行科学搭配及绵羊日粮配方系统优化技术的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2003.
[11] 雷冬至,金曙光,乌仁塔娜.用体外产气法评价不同粗饲料与相同精料间的组合效应[J].饲料工业,2009,30(3):30-33.
[12] ZERBINI E,KRISHAN C T,VICTOR X V A,et al.Composition and in vitro gas production of whole stems and cell walls of different genotypes of pearl millet and sorghum[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2002,98(1/2):73-85.
[13] ZHANG J K,LIU J X.Use of in vitro gas production to evaluate associative effects on gas production of rice straw supplemented with Lucerne[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Science,2007,16(2):156-160.
[14] 杨志林,李秋凤,曹玉凤,等.体外产气法评定全株玉米青贮与谷草的组合效应研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(03):698-707.
[15] 刘绘汇,袁玖,平丽莹,等.谷草与苜蓿的不同配比对绵羊日粮组合效应的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3530-3535.
[16] 于满满,姜雨轩,张美美,等.利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3497-3504.
[17] 袁玖,万欣杰,平丽莹,等.不同精粗比和苜蓿水平对饲粮组合效应的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(2):449-458.
[18] 刘娜,毕研亮,刁其玉,等.全株玉米青贮饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的干物质、淀粉及中性洗涤纤维降解特性研究与预测模型建立[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(12):5846-5856.
[19] NAGARAJA T G,TITGEMEYER E C.Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle:the current microbiological and nutritional outlook[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(Suppl.1):E17-E38.
[20] YANG W Z,BEAUCHEMIN K A,RODE L M.Effects of grain processing,forage to concentrate ratio,and forage particle size on rumen pH and digestion by dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(10):2203-2216.  
[21] 嘎尔迪,齐智利,张润厚,等.玉米的不同加工处理对绵羊瘤胃内pH、NH3-N和VFA浓度的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2002(9):18-20.
[22] 李新,冀连斌,王聪,等.产酶益生素对西门塔尔牛瘤胃液pH及氨态氮浓度的影响[J].中国饲料,2012(5):24-25,28.
[23] 刘哲,张昌吉,郝正里,等.饲喂含不同秸秆的全日粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃及血液代谢参数的影响[J].中国饲料,2005(11):12-14.
[24] 阳伏林,龙瑞军,丁学智,等.秸秆和苜蓿干草不同比例组合对人工瘤胃pH值、氨态氮及产气量的影响[J].饲料工业,2007,28(17):50-53.
[25] HOOVER W H.Chemical factors involved in ruminal fiber digestion[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1986,69(10):2755-2766.  
[26] WANG D L,FANG J,XING F,et al.Alfalfa as a supplement of dried cornstalk diets:associative effects on intake,digestibility,nitrogen metabolisation,rumen environment and hematological parameters in sheep[J].Livestock Science,2008,113(1):87-97.  
[27] VAN HOUTERT M.Challenging the retinal for altering VFA ratios in growing ruminates[J].Feed Mix,1996,4(1):514-525.
[28] KUNG L,Jr.,SHEPERD A C,SMAGALA A M,et al.The effect of preservatives based on propionic acid on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage and a total mixed ration[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,81(5):1322-1330.
[29] SPEARS J W,SCHLEGEL P,SEAL M C,et al.Bioavailability of zinc from zinc sulfate and different organic zinc sources and their effects on ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions[J].Livestock Production Science,2004,90(2/3):211-217.
[30] 王玲.半胱胺和酵母培养物对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:青岛农业大学,2016.
[31] 葛翠翠,梁戈,李昊,等.玉米秸秆、柠条及葵花盘在滩羊瘤胃体外的消化及发酵性能[J].草业科学,2018,35(8):2009-2015.
[32] 李海庆,王萌,周玉香.体外产气法评估荞麦秸秆、油菜、苜蓿干草和玉米青贮的组合效应[J].饲料工业,2019,40(9):33-38.
[33] COPANI G,GINANE C,LE MORVAN A,et al.Patterns of in vitro rumen fermentation of silage mixtures including sainfoin and red clover as bioactive legumes[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,208:220-224.
[34] 程冠文.日粮碳水化合物类型调控瘤胃发酵乙/丙比的机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2019.
[35] 韦子海.非纤维性碳水化合物在含玉米秸日粮饲喂泌乳奶牛中的功效研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2018.
[36] 冯建芳,李秋凤,高艳霞,等.全株玉米青贮饲料、苜蓿及谷草间组合效应的研究[J].中国饲料,2017(2):10-15.
[37] 吕永艳,邢向明,孙国强.全株玉米青贮、苜蓿干草和全株小麦青贮间组合效应的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(15):71-75.
[38] 衣艳秋,唐丹,袁英良,等.肉羊日粮苜蓿和燕麦草组合体外法试验[J].中国畜禽种业,2017,13(11):84-87.
[39] 郝小燕.奶牛日粮中玉米纤维饲料与羊草组合替代苜蓿干草饲喂效果的研究[D].博士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2