动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 7: 3171 - 3180

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.07.027

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

不同泌乳水平奶牛产奶量、乳成分和环境温湿指数的相关性研究

  • 童津津 ,
  • 张华 ,
  • 吴富鑫 ,
  • 牛慧 ,
  • 熊本海 ,
  • 蒋林树
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  • 1. 北京农学院动物科技术学院, 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 102206;
    2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193
童津津(1985-),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,研究方向为反刍动物营养与免疫。E-mail:tongjinjin0451@163.com

收稿日期: 2020-01-09

  网络出版日期: 2020-07-15

基金资助

北京市现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队；国家自然科学基金（31802091，31772629，31702302）；"十三五"国家重大科技专项（2016YFD0700201，2016YFD0700205，2017YFD0701604）

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Correlation Analysis on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Temperature Humidity Index of Dairy Cows with Different Milk Yield

  • TONG Jinjin ,
  • ZHANG Hua ,
  • WU Fuxin ,
  • NIU Hui ,
  • XIONG Benhai ,
  • JIANG Linshu
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  • 1. Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
    2. Beijing Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2020-01-09

  Online published: 2020-07-15

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摘要

为探讨自然热应激条件下北京地区不同泌乳水平奶牛产奶量、乳成分和环境温湿指数（THI）的相关性，试验选择胎次相近、体重为（610.00±22.13）kg、泌乳天数为（157.00±1.27）d、产奶量为（33.39±4.61）kg/d的泌乳中期健康荷斯坦奶牛60头，根据产奶量的不同，分为高产组[（42.47±3.73）kg/d]、中产组[（34.10±3.20）kg/d]及低产组[（28.28±4.19）kg/d]，每组20头。试验于2019-06-20-2019-09-30在北京市延庆某奶牛养殖场进行。2019-06-23-2019-07-22、2019-07-23-2019-07-29和2019-07-30-2019-09-09的THI均值都在72以上，即为热应激前期、热应激中期和热应激后期。运用Origin 9.0软件中的方差分析、Pearson相关性与回归分析，分析产奶量、乳成分与THI的相互关系。结果表明：在热应激期间，高、中、低产组除乳糖率之外，产奶量及其他乳成分均存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。随着热应激时间的延长，高、中产组产奶量极显著下降（P<0.01）。在热应激中期，高、中产组乳脂率极显著低于热应激前期（P<0.01），乳蛋白率无显著变化（P>0.05）；在热应激后期，与热应激前期相比，各组乳蛋白率极显著降低（P<0.01），中、低产组乳脂率/乳蛋白率极显著升高（P<0.01），低产组乳脂率极显著升高（P<0.01）。Pearson相关性分析结果表明，产奶量与泌乳天数、乳脂率和乳脂率/乳蛋白率呈显著负相关（P<0.05），与THI、乳蛋白率和乳糖率呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。在热应激期间，THI与乳脂率、乳蛋白率存在极显著负相关（P<0.01）。综上，不同泌乳水平奶牛产奶量与THI呈显著负相关关系，乳蛋白率和乳脂率显著下降；与中、低产组奶牛相比，高产组奶牛产奶量及乳成分对热应激更敏感。

关键词： 奶牛; 产奶量; 环境温湿指数; 偏相关分析; 回归分析

本文引用格式

童津津 , 张华 , 吴富鑫 , 牛慧 , 熊本海 , 蒋林树 . 不同泌乳水平奶牛产奶量、乳成分和环境温湿指数的相关性研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(7) : 3171 -3180 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.07.027

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of milk yield, milk composition and temperature humidity index (THI) of dairy cows with different milk yield in Beijing under natural heat stress condition. A total of 60 Holstein cows with similar parity, body weight[(610.00±22.13) kg], lactation days[(157.00±1.27) d] and milk yield[(33.39±4.61) kg/d] were selected. According to the milk yield, the cows were divided into high yield group[(42.47±3.73) kg/d], middle yield group[(34.10±3.20) kg/d] and low yield group[(28.28±4.19) kg/d] with 20 cows per group. The trial was conducted in a dairy farm at Yanqing district from 2019-06-20 to 2019-09-30 when the average THI was above 72. In detail, 2019-06-23 to 2019-07-22, 2019-07-23 to 2019-07-29 and 2019-07-30 to 2019-09-09 corresponded to early, middle and late heat stress stages, respectively. Origin 9.0 software was used to analysis the Pearson correlation, regression relationships and ANOVA among milk yield, THI and milk components. The results showed that in the heat stress period, the milk yield and milk components (except lactose rate) had significant difference among high, middle and low yield groups (P<0.01). With the lengthening heat stress time, the milk yield in high and middle yield groups was reduced significantly (P<0.01). In the middle heat stress stages, milk fat rate in high and middle yield groups was significantly lower than that in the early heat stress stages (P<0.01), and milk protein rate had no significant change (P>0.05); in the late heat stress stages, compared with the early heat stress period, the milk protein rate in each group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the ratio of milk fat rate to milk protein rate was extremely significantly increased in middle and low yield groups (P<0.01), and the milk fat rate in low yield group was significantly increased (P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that milk yield was negatively correlated with DIM, milk fat rate and the ratio of milk fat rate to milk protein rate (P<0.05), and positively correlated with THI, milk protein rate and lactose rate (P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between THI and milk fat rate and milk protein rate in heat stress stages (P<0.01). In summary, there is a significant negative correlation between the milk yield and the THI, and the milk protein rate and milk fat rate decreas significantly. Compared with the cows in the middle and low yield groups, the changes in milk yield and milk composition in the high yield group are more sensitive to the heat stress.

Key words： dairy cows; milk yield; THI; partial correlation analysis; regression analysis

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