动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 7: 3214 - 3223

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.07.031

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

高产与低产奶牛的乳成分差异及其对乳能量预测模型的影响

  • 牛慧 ,
  • 童津津 ,
  • 张华 ,
  • 毛胜勇 ,
  • 熊本海 ,
  • 麻柱 ,
  • 蒋林树
展开
  • 1. 北京农学院动物科学技术学院, 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 102206;
    2. 南京农业大学动物科技学院, 南京 210095;
    3. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193;
    4. 北京奶牛中心, 北京 100085
牛慧(1995-),女,河北保定人,硕士研究生,研究方向为奶牛营养与免疫。E-mail:1525219258@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-01-20

  网络出版日期: 2020-07-15

基金资助

"十三五"国家重大科技专项（2016YFD0700201，2016YFD0700205，2017YFD0701604）；北京市现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队；国家自然科学基金项目（31802091，31702302，31772629）

收起

Difference of Milk Composition in High and Low Yield Dairy Cows and Its Influence on Milk Energy Prediction Model

  • NIU Hui ,
  • TONG Jinjin ,
  • ZHANG Hua ,
  • MAO Shengyong ,
  • XIONG Benhai ,
  • MA Zhu ,
  • JIANG Linshu
Expand
  • 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
    2. Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
    3. Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    4. Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing 100085, China

Received date: 2020-01-20

  Online published: 2020-07-15

Fold

摘要

本研究以北京市某奶牛养殖场（2016-2019年度1~4胎）奶牛的生产性能测定（DHI）数据为基础，分析了185头高产奶牛和158头低产奶牛的生产性能，旨在通过分析产奶量与乳成分的相关性，探究高产与低产奶牛的乳成分差异；同时，根据中国《奶牛饲养标准》建议计算乳能量，探究高产与低产奶牛乳能量随泌乳时间的拟合曲线，建立高产与低产奶牛在不同泌乳阶段的乳能量预测模型。结果表明：高产与低产奶牛的乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳体细胞数存在极显著差异（P<0.01），乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳体细胞数与产奶量呈显著负相关（r=-0.851、r=-0.654、r=-0.811，P<0.01）。高产与低产奶牛的乳能量随泌乳时间的延长均呈现出先下降后上升的趋势，拐点在泌乳60 d左右。根据产奶量分别构建高产与低产奶牛在泌乳前60 d和泌乳60 d之后的乳能量预测模型，对于高产奶牛，泌乳前60 d的最优模型为E=4.573-0.031X（R2=0.918，残差范围：-0.957 8~1.432 7，P<0.01，n=7 400）（式中：E为乳能量；X为产奶量。下同），泌乳60 d之后的最优模型为E=3.890-0.019X（R2=0.980，残差范围：-0.968 0~1.590 6，P<0.01，n=7 400）；对于低产奶牛，泌乳前60 d的最优模型为E=4.280-0.038X（R2=0.958，残差范围：-0.959 3~1.457 3，P<0.01，n=6 320），泌乳60 d之后的最优模型为：E=4.178-0.034X（R2=0.887，残差范围：-1.197 6~1.589 5，P<0.01，n=6 320）。本研究分析了高产与低产奶牛的乳成分存在差异，得出高产奶牛的乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳体细胞数极显著低于低产奶牛；此外，本研究还建立了不同泌乳阶段高产与低产奶牛的乳能量预测模型，可对奶牛的泌乳净能需要进行预测，以便奶牛场调整饲料结构，达到奶牛的最佳生产状态。

关键词： 高产奶牛; 低产奶牛; 乳成分; 产奶量; 乳能量; 预测模型

本文引用格式

牛慧 , 童津津 , 张华 , 毛胜勇 , 熊本海 , 麻柱 , 蒋林树 . 高产与低产奶牛的乳成分差异及其对乳能量预测模型的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(7) : 3214 -3223 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.07.031

Abstract

Based on dairy herd improvement (DHI) data of dairy cows from a dairy farm in Beijing (1 to 4 parities in 2016-2019), this study analyzed the performance of 185 high yield dairy cows and 158 low yield dairy cows, aiming to explore the difference of milk composition between high and low yield dairy cows by analyzing the correlation between milk yield and milk composition. At the same time, milk energy was calculated according to the suggestion of Dairy Cattle Feeding Standard, the fitting curves of milk energy of high and low yield dairy cows with lactation time were explored, and the milk energy prediction models of high and low yield dairy cows at different lactation periods were established. The results showed that there were significant differences in milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and milk somatic cell count (SCC) between high and low yield dairy cows (P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, milk SCC and milk yield (r=-0.851, r=-0.654, r=-0.811, P<0.01). The milk energy of high and low yield dairy cows decreased firstly and then increased with lactation time, and the turning point was about at 60 days of lactation. According to the milk yield, the milk energy prediction models of high and low yield dairy cows were constructed respectively before and after 60 days of lactation. For high yield dairy cows, the optimal milk energy model before 60 days of lactation was E=4.573-0.031X(R2=0.918, residual range:-0.957 8 to 1.432 7, P<0.01, n=7 400)(in the formula, E mean milk energy and X mean milk yield, the same as below), and the optimal milk energy model after 60 days of lactation was E=3.890-0.019X (R2=0.980, residual range:-0.968 0 to 1.590 6, P<0.01, n=7 400). For low yield dairy cows, the optimal milk energy model before 60 days of lactation was E=4.280-0.038X (R2=0.958, residual range:-0.959 3 to 1.457 3, P<0.01, n=6 320), and the optimal milk energy model after 60 days of lactation was E=4.178-0.034X (R2=0.887, residual range:-1.197 6 to 1.589 5, P<0.01, n=6 320). This study analyzed the differences of milk compositions between high and low yield dairy cows, and concluded that milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, milk SCC of high yield dairy cows are significantly lower than those of low yield dairy cows. In addition, the milk energy prediction models of high and low yield dairy cows in different lactation periods are established in this study, which can predict the net energy requirement for lactation of dairy cows, so as to adjust the forge structure for dairy farms, and achieve the best production condition of dairy cows.

Key words： high yield dairy cows; low yield dairy cows; milk composition; milk yield; milk energy; prediction model

参考文献

[1] NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Research Council,2001.
[2] BUTLER W R.Energy balance relationships with follicular development,ovulation and fertility in postpartum dairy cows[J].Livestock Production Science,2003,83(2/3):211-218.
[3] 曲世超,陈溪,黄大亮,等.氧弹量热仪测定食品热量[J].检验检疫学刊,2013(1):38-40,57.
[4] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 34-2004奶牛饲养标准[J].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[5] 陈国梁,马玉敏,边四辈.上海地区苜蓿干草主要营养成分分析[J].乳业科学与技术,2002,25(2):44-46.
[6] 范铤.日粮中NDF水平及粗饲料NDF降解率对奶牛采食量及生产性能的影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[7] 张慢,王湘阳,易建明,等.荷斯坦奶牛产奶量与乳成分的相关性研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):55-59.
[8] 俞大阔,余长林,汤守锟,等.德宏奶水牛乳脂率与DHI其他指标相关性分析[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2016(4):10-12.
[9] NASR M A F,EL-TARABANY M S.Impact of three THI levels on somatic cell count,milk yield and composition of multiparous Holstein cows in a subtropical region[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2017,64:73-77.
[10] 段柳艳,马向辉,高腾云,等.中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量与乳品质互作关系探讨[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(11):136-137,142.
[11] 李胜利.黄梅县中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量和乳成分的相关性及其影响因素研究[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2017.
[12] 杨承剑,黄兴国.净能体系的优势及其在猪生产中的作用[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2006,27(6):43-46.
[13] 周庆民,张艳,冯万宇,等.与牛奶中体细胞数变化相关因素的试验[J].中国兽医杂志,2017,53(4):30-32.
[14] 张慧林,余文文,刘小林,等.牛乳中体细胞数与产奶量和乳成分的相关分析[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(4):1-4.
[15] 宋维政,侯鑫.体细胞数与乳成分、胎次、产奶量及季节之间关系的研究[J].中国乳业,2010(3):40-42.
[16] 孙世清.奶牛低产的原因及对策[J].今日畜牧兽医(奶牛),2014(1):44-46.
[17] 牟英玉.高产奶牛肠道菌群典型特征鉴定及瘤胃代谢产物组成分析[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2017.
[18] BEN SHABAT S K,SASSON G,DORON-FAIGENBOIM A,et al.Specific microbiome-dependent mechanisms underlie the energy harvest efficiency of ruminants[J].ISME Journal,2016,10(12):2958-2972.  
[19] GUAN L L,NKRUMAH J D,BASARAB J A,et al.Linkage of microbial ecology to phenotype:correlation of rumen microbial ecology to cattle's feed efficiency[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2008,288(1):85-91.  
[20] MÄNTYSAARI P,MÄNTYSAARI E A,KOKKONEN T,et al.Body and milk traits as indicators of dairy cow energy status in early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2019,102(9):7904-7916.  
[21] 周子超,祖卓鑫,滑国华,等.能量负平衡对奶牛繁殖的影响及相关机理[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(4):1518-1524.
[22] VEERKAMP R F, KOENEN E P C, JONG G D. Genetic correlations among body condition score, yield, and fertility in first-parity cows estimated by random regression models[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(10):2335
[23] 高巍.奶牛肥胖综合征的病因分析及防治措施[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(6):142.
[24] BERTICS S J,GRUMMER R R,CADORNIGA-VALINO C,et al.Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(7):1914-1922.  
[25] DEBSKI B,NOWICKI T,ZALEWSKI W,et al.Effect of pregnancy and stage of lactation on energy processes in isolated blood cells of dairy cows[J].Journal of Veterinary Research,2017,61(2):211-215.  
[26] LACETERA N,SCALIA D,BERNABUCCI U,et al.Lymphocyte functions in overconditioned cows around parturition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(6):2010-2016.  
[27] SUTTON J D,DHANOA M S,MORANT S V,et al.Rates of production of acetate,propionate,and butyrate in the rumen of lactating dairy cows given normal and low-roughage diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(11):3620-3633.  
[28] 龙栋磊,文江南,王荣,等.围产期奶牛能量负平衡的生理变化及关键缓解措施[J].中国奶牛,2018(2):4-7.
[29] 韩俊英.泌乳奶牛的分阶段饲养管理要点[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2018(10):82-83.
[30] 李松龄,陈冠军,马许,等.奶牛泌乳期的饲养管理技术[J].河南畜牧兽医(综合版),2007,28(4):25.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2