动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 7: 3246 - 3254

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.07.034

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

不同周龄补饲燕麦干草对犊牛生长发育和行为的影响

  • 李婷婷 ,
  • 马静 ,
  • 刘帅 ,
  • 陈天宇 ,
  • 沈菲 ,
  • 肖凡 ,
  • 曹志军 ,
  • 邵伟
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  • 1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
    2. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
李婷婷(1995-),女,云南巧家人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:1505337254@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-01-08

  网络出版日期: 2020-07-15

基金资助

十三五重点研发计划专项"奶牛不同生理阶段高效养殖技术集成与示范"（2018YFD0501601）

收起

Effects of Oat Hay Supplementation at Different Weeks of Age on Growth and Development and Behavior of Calves

  • LI Tingting ,
  • MA Jing ,
  • LIU Shuai ,
  • CHEN Tianyu ,
  • SHEN Fei ,
  • XIAO Fan ,
  • CAO Zhijun ,
  • SHAO Wei
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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2020-01-08

  Online published: 2020-07-15

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同周龄补饲燕麦干草对犊牛生长发育和行为的影响。选取75头初生重（35.6±2.3）kg的荷斯坦母犊牛，随机分为3组，每组5个重复，每个重复5头牛。3组饲喂同样的巴氏杀菌废弃乳+开食料，对照组不补饲燕麦干草，试验组分别在第2周（2wH组）和第4周（2wH组）补饲燕麦干草。试验期70 d。结果表明：1）2wH组的犊牛断奶前期（1~6周龄）和断奶过渡期（7~8周龄）开食料采食量显著高于对照组和4wH组（P<0.05）。2wH组和4wH组的犊牛断奶前期、断奶过渡期、断奶后期（9~10周龄）以及全期（1~10周龄）的平均日增重（ADG）显著高于对照组（P<0.05），2wH组和4wH组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。2wH组和4wH组的犊牛断奶体重和终末体重显著高于对照组（P<0.05），2wH组和4wH组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）70日龄时，2wH组和4wH组的犊牛体斜长和腹围显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。2wH组与4wH组犊牛1、56、70日龄的体高、体斜长、胸围、腹围均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）2wH组的犊牛躺卧时间显著高于对照组和4wH组（P<0.05）。对照组的犊牛开食料采食时间显著高于2wH组（P<0.05），但总采食时间显著低于2wH组和4wH组（P<0.05）。2wH组和4wH组的犊牛反刍时间显著高于对照组（P<0.05），非营养性口腔行为时间显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述，较4周龄添加燕麦干草相比，2周龄添加燕麦干草能有效促进犊生长发育，减少犊牛的非营养性口腔行为，改善动物福利。

关键词： 犊牛; 燕麦干草; 生长性能; 行为

本文引用格式

李婷婷 , 马静 , 刘帅 , 陈天宇 , 沈菲 , 肖凡 , 曹志军 , 邵伟 . 不同周龄补饲燕麦干草对犊牛生长发育和行为的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(7) : 3246 -3254 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.07.034

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of oat hay supplementation at different weeks of age on growth and development and behavior of calves. Seventy-five healthy Holstein female calves with birth weight of (35.6±2.3) kg were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 calves per replicate. The three groups were fed the same pasteurized waste milk+starter, the control group was fed diets without oat hay supplementation, and the experimental group was fed diets with oat hay supplementation at 2 (2wH group) and 4 weeks of age (4wH group). This experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed as follows:1) the starter intake of calves in pre-weaning period (1 to 6 weeks of age) and weaning transition period (7 to 8 weeks of age) of 2wH group was significantly higher than that of the control group and 4wH group (P<0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of calves in pre-weaning period, weaning transition period, post-weaning period (9 to 10 weeks of age) and whole period (1 to 10 weeks of age) of 2wH group and 4wH group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 2wH group and 4wH group (P>0.05). The weaned body weight and final body weight of calves of 2wH group and 4wH group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between 2wH group and 4wH group (P>0.05). 2) At 70 days of age, the body oblique length abdominal circumference of calves were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on body height, body oblique length, chest circumference and abdominal circumference of calves at 1, 56 and 70 days of age between 2wH group and 4wH group (P>0.05). 3) The laying time of calves of 2wH group was significantly higher than that of the control group and 4wH group (P<0.05). The eating starter time of calves of the control group was significantly higher than that of 2wH group (P<0.05), but the total feeding time was significantly lower than that of 2wH group and 4wH group (P<0.05). The ruminating time of calves of 2wH group and 4wH group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the non-nutritive oral behavior time was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). In summary, compared with oat hay supplementation at 4 weeks of age, oat hay supplementation at 2 weeks of age can effectively promote the growth and development of calves, reduce the non nutritional oral behaviors of calves, and improve the animal welfare.

Key words： calves; oat hay; growth performance; behavior

参考文献

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