舍饲养殖对麦洼牦牛瘤胃微生物宏基因组的影响

李娟; 王利; 罗晓林; 官久强; 安添午; 张翔飞

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.09.028

动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 9: 4185 - 4193

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.09.028

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

舍饲养殖对麦洼牦牛瘤胃微生物宏基因组的影响

李娟 ,
王利 ,
罗晓林 ,
官久强 ,
安添午 ,
张翔飞

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1. 西南民族大学青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用教育部和四川省重点实验室, 成都 610041;
2. 四川省草原科学研究院, 成都 611731

李娟(1995-),女,四川西昌人,硕士研究生,从事微生物遗传研究。E-mail:1134323458@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-03-16

网络出版日期: 2020-09-17

基金资助

国家"十三五"重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0502304）；国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系（CARS-37）；四川省科技支撑计划（16ZC2530）；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（2019QZKK0302）；四川省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目（2019）

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Effects of Confined Farming on Rumen Microbial Metagenome of Maiwa Yaks

LI Juan ,
WANG Li ,
LUO Xiaolin ,
GUAN Jiuqiang ,
AN Tianwu ,
ZHANG Xiangfei

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1. Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China

Received date: 2020-03-16

Online published: 2020-09-17

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摘要

本试验旨在探讨舍饲养殖对牦牛生长性能和瘤胃微生物物种组成及相对丰度、微生物碳水化合物酶（CAZy）以及蛋白质代谢通路的影响。选取2~3岁的健康雄性麦洼牦牛10只，体重在150~180 kg，采用完全随机试验设计，将其分为舍饲组和放牧组，每组5只，正试期为4个月。养殖结束后，每组5只牦牛进行屠宰，采集瘤胃液，提取DNA构建测序文库，采用宏基因组方法分析瘤胃微生物变化。结果表明：与放牧养殖相比，舍饲养殖显著增加了麦洼牦牛的平均增重和平均日增重（P<0.05）。瘤胃微生物基因预测共得到2 065 638个开放阅读框（ORFs），经去冗余后，共获得1 571 578个ORFs，其中完整基因数为333 371个。与放牧养殖相比，舍饲组厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、软壁菌门、浮霉菌门的相对丰度均增加（P>0.05），纤维杆菌门相对丰度显著下降（P<0.05）；普雷沃氏菌属、梭菌属、拟杆菌属、丁酸弧菌属、假丁酸弧菌属、另枝菌属、产琥珀酸菌属相对丰度均增加（P>0.05），丝状杆菌属相对丰度显著下降（P<0.05）。与放牧养殖相比，舍饲组糖苷水解酶（GH）、糖基转移酶（GT）相对丰度增加（P>0.05），且舍饲养殖对GT相对丰度的上调和碳水化合物结合模块（CBM）相对丰度的下调影响最大。此外，舍饲养殖还增加了瘤胃微生物转录、辅酶转运和代谢等功能蛋白的相对丰度（P>0.05），增加了碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和核苷酸代谢通路蛋白的相对丰度（P>0.05）。综上所述，舍饲养殖显著增加了麦洼牦牛的体重，影响了牦牛瘤胃微生物的组成结构。

关键词： 瘤胃微生物; 牦牛; 宏基因组; 舍饲养殖

本文引用格式

李娟 , 王利 , 罗晓林 , 官久强 , 安添午 , 张翔飞 . 舍饲养殖对麦洼牦牛瘤胃微生物宏基因组的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(9) : 4185 -4193 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.09.028

Abstract

To investigate the effects of confined farming on yak growth performance, rumen microbial species composition and relative abundance, microbial carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) and protein metabolic pathways, ten healthy Maiwa yaks at 2 to 3 years of age with body weight of 150 to 180 kg were randomly divided into feeding group and grazing group by a completely randomized trial design, and each group had 5 yaks. The experiment lasted for 4 months. At the end of breeding, 5 yaks were slaughtered. Rumen fluid was collected, DNA was extracted, and sequencing library was constructed. The changes of rumen microorganisms were analyzed by metagenomic method. The results showed that compared with the field feeding, the average gain and average daily gain of Maiwa yaks were significantly increased in confined farming (P<0.05). A total of 2 065 638 open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted by rumen microbial genes. After redundancy removal, a total of 1 571 578 ORFs were obtained, among which the number of complete genes was 333 371. Compared with grazing group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Candidatus in the feeding group were increased (P>0.05), while the relative abundance of Fibrobacteres was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Prevotella, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Alistipes in the feeding group were increased (P>0.05), while the relative abundance of Fibrobacter was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with grazing group, the relative abundance of glucoside hydrolase (GH) and glycosyl transferase (GT) increased in the feeding group (P>0.05). And the upregulation of GT and the down regulation of carbohydrate binding module (CBM) were mostly affected by confined farming. In addition, the relative abundance of functional proteins such as rumen microbial transcription, coenzyme transport and metabolism, and the relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism pathways were also increased (P>0.05). In conclusion, the weight of Maiwa yaks is increased significantly in the confined farming, and the composition and structure of the rumen microorganisms are affected.

Key words： rumen microorganisms; yak; metagenomics; confined farming

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