本研究旨在探讨丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺（Ala-Gln）和甘露寡糖（MOS）对仔猪肠道形态和微生物菌群结构的影响。试验选用体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪162头，随机分为9个组，每组3个重复，每个重复6头仔猪。对照组仔猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮，其他组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.10% MOS、0.20% MOS、0.15% Ala-Gln、0.30% Ala-Gln、0.10% MOS+0.15% Ala-Gln、0.20% MOS+0.15% Ala-Gln、0.10% MOS+0.30% Ala-Gln、0.20% MOS+0.30% Ala-Gln的试验饲粮。于试验第14、28天从每个重复中随机选取1头仔猪进行屠宰，采集小肠组织样品，利用透射电镜观察肠绒毛超微结构，并进行微生物多样性统计分析。结果表明：1）相比于对照组，饲粮中添加0.10% MOS+0.30% Ala-Gln、0.20% MOS+0.30% Ala-Gln后，35日龄仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度以及十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）均显著提高（P<0.05），微绒毛整体表现清晰、整齐、密集。2）相比于对照组，饲粮中添加0.20% MOS+0.15% Ala-Gln显著提高了仔猪盲肠乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、粪球菌属（Coprococcus）、纤维杆菌门（Fibrobacteres）等有益菌的相对丰度（P<0.05）。3） MOS和Ala-Gln对35日龄仔猪空肠绒毛高度、49日龄仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度及十二指肠V/C存在显著的互作效应（P<0.05）。由此可知，Ala-Gln和MOS组合可以调节断奶仔猪肠道绒毛的生长发育，同时改善盲肠微生物菌群结构，提高有益菌的相对丰度，进而促进仔猪的肠道健康。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) and mannooligosaccharide (MOS) on intestinal morphology and microflora structure of piglets. A total of 162 piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly allotted to 9 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 piglets per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.10% MOS, 0.20% MOS, 0.15% Ala-Gln, 0.30% Ala-Gln, 0.10% MOS+0.15% Ala-Gln, 0.20% MOS+0.15% Ala-Gln, 0.10% MOS+0.30% Ala-Gln and 0.20% MOS+0.30% Ala-Gln, respectively. On the 14th and 28th day of the experiment, one piglet was randomly selected from each repeat for slaughter, small intestine tissue samples were collected, intestinal villi ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and microbial diversity was statistically analyzed. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the villi height of duodenum, jejunum and ileum and the villus height/crypt depth (V/C) of duodenum and ileum were significantly increased after adding 0.10% MOS+0.30% Ala-Gln and 0.20% MOS+0.30% into the diet (P<0.05), and the micro-villi were clear, orderly and dense on the whole. 2) Compared with the control group,dietary 0.20% MOS+0.15% Ala-Gln was increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Coprococcus and Fibrobacteriaceae in piglets (P<0.05). 3) MOS and Ala-Gln had significant interaction effects on jejunal villi height of piglets at 35 days of age, duodenal villi height and duodenal V/C of piglets at 49 days of age (P<0.05). Therefore, the combination of Ala-Gln and MOS can regulate the growth and development of intestinal villi in weaned piglets, improve the microflora structure of cecum, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, thus promoting the intestinal health of piglets.