动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 12: 5622 - 5635

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.12.016

猪营养与饲料 SWINE NUTRITION AND FEED

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对猪生长性能、微生物群落和代谢产物的影响

  • 刘韶娜 ,
  • 张斌 ,
  • 相德才 ,
  • 赵智勇 ,
  • 常雅洁 ,
  • 沙茜 ,
  • 赵彦光
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  • 云南省畜牧兽医科学院, 昆明 650224
刘韶娜(1983-),女,山东招远人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学及肠道微生物学的研究。E-mail:liushaona123@163.com

收稿日期: 2020-05-21

  网络出版日期: 2020-12-07

基金资助

云南省重点研发计划项目（2018BB003）；云南省级财政养殖业科技推广项目（20151105560055）；云南省畜牧兽医科学院基础研究项目（2019RW014）

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Effects of Bacillus velezensis on Growth Performance,Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites in Pigs

  • LIU Shaona ,
  • ZHANG Bin ,
  • XIANG Decai ,
  • ZHAO Zhiyong ,
  • CHANG Yajie ,
  • SHA Qian ,
  • ZHAO Yanguang
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  • Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China

Received date: 2020-05-21

  Online published: 2020-12-07

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对猪生长性能、微生物群落和代谢产物的影响。选用20头平均体重为（34.00±0.25）kg的四元杂交猪，随机分为2组，每组2个重复，每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组饲喂基础饲粮＋贝莱斯芽孢杆菌B13（107 CFU/kg）。预试期7 d，正试期21 d。结果表明：1）2组料重比和平均日采食量均无显著差异（P>0.05）；与对照组相比，试验组平均日增重显著提高（P<0.05）。2）2组粪菌α多样性没有显著差异（P>0.05）。但与对照组相比，添加贝莱斯芽孢杆菌可以影响粪菌的相对丰度，在门水平上，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门显著下降（P<0.05）；在属水平上，瘤胃球菌属_1（P<0.01）、未分类的毛螺菌科（P<0.01）、乳杆菌属（P<0.05）和普雷沃氏菌属_9（P<0.05）的相对丰度显著或极显著提高，链球菌属和瘤胃球菌科_UCG-002的相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05）。利用多级物种差异判别分析（LEfSe）方法进行了差异分析，结果显示2组细菌群落内的相对丰度差异显著（P<0.05），LDA值大于2.0时，获得56个生物标记物，其中试验组细菌群落的生物标记物为20个。对照组LDA值最大的是Selenomonadales，试验组LDA值最大的是瘤胃球菌科_UCG-014，二者是相对丰度差异最大的细菌。3）偏最小二乘法判别分析（PLS-DA）发现，正负离子模式下，样品完全分开，存在显著差异（P<0.05）。差异代谢物分析发现，与对照组相比，试验组天竺葵素-3-槐糖苷和Nigellic acid相对含量极显著上调（P<0.01），黑麦酮酸、甲基-10-过氧氢-8E，12Z，15Z-十八碳三烯酸甲酯、羟吲哚和羟喹啉相对含量显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）下调。综上所述，添加贝莱斯芽孢杆菌能改善猪粪便菌群的结构，提高毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌属_1等短链脂肪酸产生菌群和乳杆菌属等有益菌的相对丰度，降低链球菌等条件致病菌的相对丰度，并提高天竺葵素-3-槐糖苷的相对含量，具有促进生长和抗病的潜在功能。

关键词： 猪; 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌; 粪菌; 微生物多样性; 代谢产物

本文引用格式

刘韶娜 , 张斌 , 相德才 , 赵智勇 , 常雅洁 , 沙茜 , 赵彦光 . 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对猪生长性能、微生物群落和代谢产物的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(12) : 5622 -5635 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.12.016

Abstract

The study aimed to explore the effects of the Bacillus velezensis on the growth performance, fecal microbiota and metabolites in pigs. Twenty hybrid combinations pigs with an average body weight of (34.00±0.25) kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 2 replicates in each group and 5 pigs in each replicate. The pigs in control group were fed a basal diet, and the pigs in experimental group were fed the basal diet with Bacillus velezensis (107 CFU/kg), respectively. The pre-experimental period was 7 days, and the experimental period was 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) there was no significant difference between two groups in feed/gain (F/G) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P>0.05); compared with control group, the average daily gain (ADG) in experimental group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) The alpha diversity of 2 groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with control group, adding Bacillus velezensis could affect the relative abundances of fecal bacteria, at the phylum level, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased (P<0.05); at the genus level, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1 (P<0.01), unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae (P<0.01), Lactobacillus (P<0.05) and Prevotella_9 (P<0.05) were significantly increased (P<0.05), while that of the Streptococcus and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results which was analyzed by LEfSe showed that the relative abundance of bacterial communities between two groups were significantly different (P<0.05). When the LDA value was higher than 2.0, 56 biomarkers were obtained, while 20 biomarkers were due to experimental group. The largest LDA value of bacteria in control group was Selenomonadales, and that in experimental group was Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, which were the bacteria with the greatest difference in relative abundance. 3) Partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) analysis showed that there was significant difference in positive and negative model (P<0.05). The metabolite analysis showed that compared with the control group, the relative contents of pelargonidin 3-sophoroside and nigellic acid were up-regulated significantly in experimental group (P<0.01), and those of sedanonic acid, methyl-10-hydroperoxy-8E, 12Z, 15Z-octadecatrienoate, oxindole and oxyquinoline were all down-regulated significantly (P<0.05). In summary, the addition of Bacillus velezensis can optimize the structure of fecal microbiota in pigs, improve the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus_1 which can produce short-chain fatty acid, reduce the relative abundance of Streptococcus which is the opportunistic pathogen, and improve the relative content of pelargonidin 3-sophoroside. It has the potential function of growth-promoting and reducing disease.

Key words： pig; Bacillus velezensis; fecal microbiota; microbial diversity; metabolite

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