动物营养学报 >

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 12: 5751 - 5759

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.12.029

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

干奶期体况评分对荷斯坦奶牛产犊性能及下一泌乳期产奶性能和疾病发生率的影响

  • 王建 ,
  • 张闯 ,
  • 赵卿尧 ,
  • 靳爽 ,
  • 李聪聪 ,
  • 马慧 ,
  • 刘登科 ,
  • 顾宪红
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  • 1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
    2. 北京首农畜牧发展有限公司, 北京 100076;
    3. 河北首农现代农业科技有限公司, 定州 073009
王建(1990-),女,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:wangjian_1884@163.com

收稿日期: 2020-05-31

  网络出版日期: 2020-12-07

基金资助

奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目（BAIC06-2020）；国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD0502003，2016YFD0500507）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-IAS07）

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Effects of Body Condition Score at Dry Off on Calving Performance, Subsequent Milk Performance and Incidence of Disease in Holstein Cows

  • WANG Jian ,
  • ZHANG Chuang ,
  • ZHAO Qingyao ,
  • JIN Shuang ,
  • LI Congcong ,
  • MA Hui ,
  • LIU Dengke ,
  • GU Xianhong
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Company Limited, Beijing 100076, China;
    3. HeBei Shounong Modern Agricultural Technology Company Limited, Dingzhou 073009, China

Received date: 2020-05-31

  Online published: 2020-12-07

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摘要

体况评分（BCS）是评价奶牛机体能量储备的重要系统，干奶期BCS（DBCS）对牛群的健康和生产力至关重要。本研究旨在探讨DBCS对荷斯坦奶牛产犊性能及下一泌乳期产奶性能、健康状况的影响。DBCS由2个专业人员在干奶期（约预产期前8周）评价。试验共选取1 154头奶牛，根据DBCS分为5组，分别为BL组（DBCS≤3.00，n=52，胎次=2.5）、B3.25组（DBCS=3.25，n=115，胎次=2.8）、B3.50组（DBCS=3.50，n=371，胎次=2.5）、B3.75组（DBCS=3.75，n=224，胎次=2.7）、BH组（DBCS≥4.00，n=392，胎次=2.8）。结果表明：随着DBCS的增加，305 d产奶量、乳脂产量和乳蛋白产量先增加后降低（P<0.01），并在B3.25组均达到高峰。此外，DBCS与乳脂率、乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。与B3.25、B3.50和B3.75组相比，BH组的犊牛初生重极显著降低（P<0.01）。同时，随着DBCS的增加，难产（P=0.082）和酮病（P=0.063）的发生率有增加趋势，但DBCS对乳腺炎、跛行、子宫炎、胎盘滞留的发生率无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上所述，奶牛预产期前8周过胖（DBCS≥4.00）会降低犊牛初生重，且推荐最优DBCS为3.25。

关键词： 体况评分; 荷斯坦奶牛; 产犊性能; 产奶性能; 疾病

本文引用格式

王建 , 张闯 , 赵卿尧 , 靳爽 , 李聪聪 , 马慧 , 刘登科 , 顾宪红 . 干奶期体况评分对荷斯坦奶牛产犊性能及下一泌乳期产奶性能和疾病发生率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(12) : 5751 -5759 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.12.029

Abstract

Body condition score (BCS) is an important system to assess body energy reserves in dairy herds. The BCS at dry off (DBCS) is vital for the health and productivity of dairy flocks. This study investigated the effects of DBCS on calving performance, subsequent milk performance and incidence of disease in Holstein cows. The DBCS evaluation was conducted at dry off period (approximately eight weeks before expected parturition date) by two trained professional staff. A total of 1 154 multiparous cows were classified on the basis of DBCS into five groups: BL group (DBCS≤3.0, n=371, parity=2.5), B3.25 group (DBCS=3.25, n=115, parity=2.8), B3.50 group (DBCS=3.50, n=371, parity=2.5), B3.75 group (DBCS=3.75, n=224, parity=2.7) and BH group (DBCS≥4, n=392, parity=2.8). The results showed that with the increasing of DBCS, the 305 days milk yield milk fat yield and milk protein yield first increased and then decreased (P<0.01), and peaked in B3.25 group. In addition, DBCS was positively associated with milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage (P<0.01). The BH group showed the lowest calf birth weight than groups B3.25, B3.50 and B3.75 (P<0.01). It was also observed that with the increasing of DBCS, incidence of dystocia (P=0.082) and ketosis (P=0.063) showed an increased tendency. However, DBCS had no effect on the incidence of mastitis, lameness, metritis and placental retention (P>0.05). In conclusion, prenatal over condition (DBCS≥4.00) impairs calf birth weight, and the recommended optimal DBCS is 3.25.

Key words： body condition score; Holstein cow; calving performance; milk performance; disease

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