水产动物营养与饲料 AQUATIC ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEED

氨基酸经雷帕霉素靶蛋白和氨基酸应答信号通路提高团头鲂幼鱼对棉籽粕和菜籽粕的利用

  • 陈倩 ,
  • 周群兰 ,
  • 戈贤平 ,
  • 叶伦哲 ,
  • 刘波 ,
  • 孙存鑫
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  • 1. 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 无锡 214081;
    2. 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心, 农业部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室, 无锡 214081
陈倩(1992-),女,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail:1069180667@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-05-19

  网络出版日期: 2020-12-07

基金资助

江苏省自然基金项目(BK20170219);中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心基本科研业务费资助项目(2017JBFM16);国家大宗淡水鱼技术体系(CARS-45)

Amino Acids Improve Cottonseed Meal and Rapeseed Meal Utilization in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) via Target of Rapamycin and Amino Acid Response Signal Pathways

  • CHEN Qian ,
  • ZHOU Qunlan ,
  • GE Xianping ,
  • YE Lunzhe ,
  • LIU Bo ,
  • SUN Cunxin
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  • 1. Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China

Received date: 2020-05-19

  Online published: 2020-12-07

摘要

为探讨团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)幼鱼对棉籽粕和菜籽粕的利用,分别配制以鱼粉为主要蛋白质源的鱼粉饲料(对照),以棉籽粕和菜籽粕为主要蛋白质源的棉籽粕饲料和菜籽粕饲料,在棉籽粕饲料和菜籽粕饲料中添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸使其至鱼粉饲料水平的棉籽粕+氨基酸饲料和菜籽粕+氨基酸饲料。5种试验饲料等氮等脂(粗蛋白质含量31.1%,粗脂肪含量7.6%)。以450尾初始体重为(19.67±3.89)g的团头鲂幼鱼为对象,随机分成5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾,进行为期9周的养殖试验。结果表明:1)与鱼粉组相比,棉籽粕组和菜籽粕组的增重率(WGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)显著升高(P<0.05);棉籽粕饲料和菜籽粕饲料中添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸后,WGR和PER显著升高(P<0.05),FCR则显著降低(P<0.05)。2)各组团头鲂幼鱼的全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)棉籽粕组肠道中蛋白酶活性显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05),脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05);菜籽粕组肠道中脂肪酶活性显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),淀粉酶与蛋白酶活性与鱼粉组差异不显著(P>0.05);棉籽粕饲料和菜籽粕饲料中添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸使肠道中淀粉酶活性显著升高(P>0.05),肝脏中谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05)。菜籽粕饲料中添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸显著提高了肝脏中谷草转氨酶活性(P<0.05),而棉籽粕饲料中添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸则显著降低了肝脏中谷草转氨酶活性(P<0.05)。4)鱼粉组肠道中小肽转运体1(PepT1)基因的相对表达量显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。棉籽粕组和菜籽粕组肝脏中胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、真核细胞起始因子4E结合蛋白2(4E-BP2)基因的相对表达量显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05);棉籽粕饲料和菜籽粕饲料中添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸后肝脏中IGF-1、AKT4E-BP2基因的相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏中雷帕霉素靶蛋白(TOR)基因的相对表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。5)棉籽粕组肝脏中激活转录因子3(AFT3)和激活转录因子4(ATF4)基因的相对表达量显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05),菜籽粕组则与鱼粉组差异不显著(P>0.05);棉籽粕饲料和菜籽粕饲料中添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸后肝脏中AFT3和ATF4基因的相对表达量均显著下降(P<0.05)。肝脏中天冬酰胺合成酶(ASNS)基因的相对表达量各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,在以棉籽粕或菜籽粕为主要蛋白质源的饲料中添加必需氨基酸赖氨酸和蛋氨酸可提高团头鲂幼鱼肝脏的TOR信号通路相关基因的表达,抑制肝脏中AAR信号通路相关基因的表达,从而提高团头鲂幼鱼对棉籽粕和菜籽粕的利用率。

本文引用格式

陈倩 , 周群兰 , 戈贤平 , 叶伦哲 , 刘波 , 孙存鑫 . 氨基酸经雷帕霉素靶蛋白和氨基酸应答信号通路提高团头鲂幼鱼对棉籽粕和菜籽粕的利用[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020 , 32(12) : 5850 -5863 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.12.038

Abstract

In order to explore the utilization of cottonseed meal (CSM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), a 9-week feeding trial was conducted. Five isonitrogenous (crude protein content was 31.1%) and isolipidic (crude lipid content was 7.6%) diets were formulated for juvenile blunt snout bream, among which fish meal (FM, as control), CSM and RSM were used as the main protein sources, respectively, and lysine and methionine were added to the plant protein diets to meet the level in FM group. A total of 450 juvenile blunt snout breams with the initial body weight of (19.67±3.89) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. The results showed as follows: 1) the weight gain rate (WGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in CSM and RSM groups were significantly decreased compared with the FM group, and the feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly increased (P<0.05). The amino acid supplementation in the CSM and RSM diets could significantly improve the WGR and PER, and significantly decrease the FCR (P<0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the contents of moisture crude protein crude lipid of whole-body among all groups (P>0.05). 3) The intestinal protease activity in CSM group was significantly higher than that in FM group (P<0.05), while the intestinal lipase and amylase activities were significantly lower than those in FM group (P<0.05). The intestinal lipase activity in RSM group was significantly lower than that in FM group (P<0.05) though the protease and amylase activities were similar between the RSM and FM groups (P>0.05). Adding lysine and methionine into the CSM and RSM diets could significantly increase the intestinal amylase activity (P<0.05), and significantly decrease the liver glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity. Adding lysine and methionine into the RSM diet significantly increased liver glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity (P<0.05), while adding lysine and methionine into the CSM diet significantly decreased the liver GOT activity (P<0.05). 4) The relative expression level of peptide-transporter 1 (PepT1) gene in the intestine of FM group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of genes such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), protein kinase B (AKT) and 4E-binding protein 2 (4E-BP2) in the liver of CSM and RSM groups were significantly higher than those of FM group (P<0.05). Adding lysine and methionine into the CSM and RSM diets significantly decreased the relative expression levels of IGF-1, AKT and 4E-BP2 genes in the liver (P<0.05), but significantly increased the relative expression level of target of rapamycin (TOR) gene in the liver (P<0.05). 5) The relative expression levels of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) genes in the liver of CSM group were significantly higher than those in FM group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between RSM group and FM group (P>0.05). Adding lysine and methionine into the CSM and RSM diets significantly decreased the relative expression levels of ATF4 and ATF3 genes in the liver (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the relative expression level of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene in the liver among all groups (P>0.05). In a word, adding the essential amino acids such as lysine and methionine into the diet which used the CSM or RSM as the main protein source can improve the utilization of CSM and RSM in blunt snout bream, mainly because it an improve the expression of TOR signal pathway-related genes and suppress the expression of AAR signal pathway-related genes in the liver.

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