猪营养与饲料 SWINE NUTRITION AND FEED

不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对宁乡猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉品质的影响

  • 陈佳亿 ,
  • 龙际飞 ,
  • 陈凤鸣 ,
  • 赵玉蓉
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  • 湖南农业大学动物科技学院, 长沙 410128
陈佳亿(1993-),女,湖南汨罗人,博士研究生,研究方向为单胃动物营养。E-mail:363196034@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-06-13

  网络出版日期: 2021-01-18

基金资助

宁乡猪基础研究(宁乡县政府委托项目10073);湖南农业大学"双一流"创新团队建设项目(kxk201801004)

Effects of Diets with Different Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Ningxiang Pigs

  • CHEN Jiayi ,
  • LONG Jifei ,
  • CHEN Fengming ,
  • ZHAO Yurong
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  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received date: 2020-06-13

  Online published: 2021-01-18

摘要

本试验旨在研究不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对宁乡猪生长性能、胴体品质及肉品质的影响。选用体重约18 kg的宁乡猪仔猪72头,随机分为3组(每组4个重复,每个重复6头):对照组饲喂基础饲粮(前、中、后3期蛋白质水平分别为14.03%、12.06%、11.01%;全期消化能为12.15 MJ/kg);试验A组饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上3期蛋白质水平各降低约2个百分点、全期消化能降低1.25 MJ/kg的低营养水平饲粮;试验B组饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上3期蛋白质水平各降低约3个百分点、全期消化能降低2.50 MJ/kg的超低营养水平饲粮。试验期180 d。结果表明:1)试验组前期料重比和平均日增重较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);从全期来看,3个组间生长性能差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)试验B组的肥肉率较对照组和试验A组显著降低(P<0.05),瘦肉率有提高趋势。与对照组相比,试验组胴体垂直长均极显著提高(P<0.01);试验B组胴体斜长、皮厚显著提高(P<0.05)。3)试验组背最长肌pH1 h显著降低(P<0.05),其他肉品质性状各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,降低饲粮能量和蛋白质水平,对宁乡猪生长性能和肉品质没有明显负面影响,且能提高屠宰性能,改善胴体组成。在本试验中,超低营养水平饲粮对胴体组成的改善效果优于低营养水平饲粮。

本文引用格式

陈佳亿 , 龙际飞 , 陈凤鸣 , 赵玉蓉 . 不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对宁乡猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉品质的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(1) : 208 -216 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.01.022

Abstract

This experiment aimed to study the effects of diets with different energy and protein levels on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Ningxiang pigs. A total of 72 Ningxiang piglets weighted 18 kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 6 pigs per replicate. The control group was fed basal diets (protein: 14.03%, 12.06% and 11.01% in early, medium and later stages; digestible energy: 12.15 MJ/kg in whole stage). The experimental group A fed low-nutrition test diets which protein levels decreased by 2% respectively in three stages and digestible energy level decreased by 1.25 MJ/kg in whole stage based on basal diets. Similarly, the experimental group B fed ultra-low nutrition test diets with protein levels decreased by 3% respectively and digestible energy level decreased by 2.50 MJ/kg based on basal diets. The duration of the experiment was 180 d. The results showed as follows: 1) feed to gain ratio and average daily gain of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05); throughout the whole period, there were no significantly difference in growth performance among the groups (P>0.05). 2) The fat percentage of the experimental group B was significantly lower than that of the control group and the experimental group A (P<0.05), and the lean meat rate showed an upward trend. Compared with the control group, the vertical length of the carcass of the experimental groups was significantly increased (P<0.01); the oblique length and skin thickness of the carcass of the experimental group B were significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) The pH1 h after slaughter of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the experimental group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and other meat quality traits were not significantly different among the groups (P>0.05). It can be seen that reducing dietary nutrition level has no obviously negative impact on growth performance and meat quality, and can improve slaughter performance and carcass composition. Furthermore, the ultra-low nutrition diet is more effective than the low-nutrition diet.

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