动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 3: 1482 - 1492

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.03.030

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

酶菌混合处理稻草和苜蓿干草对滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃细菌多样性及KEGG通路的影响

  • 姜碧薇 ,
  • 周玉香 ,
  • 王甜 ,
  • 李斐
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  • 1. 宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021;
    2. 宁夏职业技术学院, 银川 750021
姜碧薇(1989-),女,宁夏银川人,讲师,博士研究生,动物生产系统与工程专业。E-mail:642548386@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-08-14

  网络出版日期: 2021-03-18

基金资助

农业部公益性行业（农业）（201503134）

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Effects of Straw and Alfalfa Hay Treated by Enzyme and Bacteria on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Rumen Bacterial Diversity and KEGG Pathway of Tan Sheep

  • JIANG Biwei ,
  • ZHOU Yuxiang ,
  • WANG Tian ,
  • LI Fei
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  • 1. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    2. Ningxia Vocational and Technical College, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received date: 2020-08-14

  Online published: 2021-03-18

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摘要

本试验旨在研究酶菌混合处理稻草和苜蓿干草对滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃细菌多样性及KEGG通路的影响。选择体重相近、健康状况良好的3月龄宁夏滩羊20只，随机分为2组，每组10只。设定试验饲粮的精粗比为30：70，其中粗饲料由稻草与苜蓿干草（二者的比例为60：40）组成，对照组饲粮中稻草和苜蓿干草未经处理，试验组饲粮中稻草和苜蓿干草经纤维素酶（活性≥10 000 U/g，添加量为0.1%）与复合益生菌（主要成分为酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌，添加量为2 kg/t）混合处理。预试期15 d，正试期60 d。分别于正试期第1天、第30天和第60天空腹静脉采血用于血清生化指标测定。饲养试验结束当天，空腹口腔采集瘤胃液并提取DNA用于瘤胃细菌多样性和宏基因组分析。结果显示：1）试验组滩羊的总增重、平均日增重极显著高于对照组（P<0.01），料重比极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。2）试验组滩羊血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），血清尿素含量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。3）试验组的操作分类单元（OTU）数量和Shannon指数极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）；试验组与对照组的差异菌门有8个，它们是变形菌门、Patescibacteria、拟杆菌门、Kiritimatiellaeota、浮霉菌门、蓝藻门、螺旋体门和互养菌门。4）在KEGG通路中，试验组的嘧啶代谢、氨基糖与核苷酸糖代谢、二羧酸代谢这3条通路的基因数量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。综上所述，酶菌混合处理稻草和苜蓿干草可以提高滩羊的增重和养殖的经济效益，同时，该处理方式提高了滩羊血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量，降低了血清尿素含量，改变了滩羊瘤胃细菌多样性和部分功能基因的数量。在本试验条件下，用酶菌混合处理的稻草和苜蓿干草饲喂滩羊的效果较优，有益于滩羊的健康养殖，可在生产中推广使用。

关键词： 纤维素酶; 复合益生菌,稻草; 滩羊; 生长性能; 瘤胃细菌; KEGG通路

本文引用格式

姜碧薇 , 周玉香 , 王甜 , 李斐 . 酶菌混合处理稻草和苜蓿干草对滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃细菌多样性及KEGG通路的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(3) : 1482 -1492 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.03.030

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw and alfalfa hay treated by enzyme and bacteria on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, rumen bacterial diversity and KEGG pathway of Tan sheep. Twenty 3-month-old Ningxia Tan sheep with similar weight and good health condition were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 sheep in each group. The ratio of concentrate to roughage was 30:70, and the roughage was consisted of straw and alfalfa hay with the ratio of straw to alfalfa was 60:40. The straw and alfalfa hay in the control group was not treated, but those in the trial group was treated by compound probiotics (main components were yeast, Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria) and cellulase (activity≥10 000 U/g). The pre feeding period was 15 days and the normal feeding period was 60 days. Blood samples were collected from abdominal vein on days 1, 30 and 60 of the trial period for determination of serum biochemical indexes. At the end of feeding experiment, rumen fluid was collected on an empty stomach and DNA was extracted for rumen bacterial diversity and metagenome analysis. The results showed as follows: 1) the total gain and average daily gain of Tan sheep in the trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), and the feed/gain was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). 2) The contents of serum total protein and globulin in the trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the serum urea content was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). 3) The number of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and Shannon index in the trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01); there were 8 different bacteria phyla between the trial group and the control group, they were Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Bacteriodetes, Kiritimatiellaeota, Planctomycetes, Cyanobactria, Spirochaetes and Synergistetes. 4) In KEGG pathway, the number of genes in pyrimidine metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism in the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). It is concluded that, the enzyme and bacteria mixed treatment of straw and alfalfa hay can improve the weight gain and the economic benefits of Tan sheep, at the same time, the treatment method improves the serum total protein and globulin contents, decreases the serum urea content, the changes the diversity of rumen bacteria and the number of some functional genes of Tan sheep. Under this experiment condition, the feeding effect of Tan sheep with straw and alfalfa hay after enzyme and bacteria mixed treatment is better, which is beneficial to the healthy breeding of Tan sheep and can be popularized in production.

Key words： cellulase; compound probiotics, straw; Tan sheep; growth performance; rumen bacteria; KEGG pathway

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