反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

奶牛瘤胃pH、消化酶活性及原虫数量的日动态变化研究

  • 杨宝钰 ,
  • 王娇 ,
  • 颜轶男 ,
  • 阿依古丽·艾买尔 ,
  • 张苏江
展开
  • 1. 塔里木大学动物科学学院, 阿拉尔 843300;
    2. 新疆生产建设兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室, 阿拉尔 843300
杨宝钰(1993-),男,河南沈丘人,硕士研究生,畜牧学专业。E-mail:812291400@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-08-31

  网络出版日期: 2021-03-18

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31760689)

Daily Dynamic Changes of Rumen pH, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Protozoa Number in Dairy Cows

  • YANG Baoyu ,
  • WANG Jiao ,
  • YAN Yinan ,
  • AYGUL·Amar ,
  • ZHANG Sujiang
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar 843300, China

Received date: 2020-08-31

  Online published: 2021-03-18

Supported by

 

摘要

本试验旨在研究奶牛瘤胃pH、消化酶活性、原虫数量的日动态变化规律及原虫种类。试验选择3头体重为(500±30) kg、泌乳胎次为2~4、健康状况良好、装永久性瘤胃瘘管的干乳期荷斯坦奶牛作为试验瘤胃液供体,分别采集采食前后各时间点瘤胃液。试验预试期14 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:1)随时间变化,瘤胃pH呈一定规律性变化,即在奶牛采食前瘤胃pH较高,采食后随饲粮进入瘤胃,瘤胃pH迅速降低,然后随瘤胃中饲粮的减少,瘤胃pH逐渐恢复至采食前水平,且采食前后瘤胃pH差异显著(P<0.05)。2)5种瘤胃消化酶在采食前活性维持相对较低水平,采食后酶活性升高,其中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、木聚糖酶活性上升的速度快,果胶酶、纤维酶活性上升速度慢,最终这5种酶活性逐渐恢复至原来水平,后3种酶活性很长时间维持在较高水平;除淀粉酶、木聚糖酶活性在第2次采食前后差异不显著(P>0.05)外,采食前后5种酶活性均差异显著(P<0.05)。3)随时间变化,原虫数量整体呈凹凸形式变化,即原虫数量在采食前较高,采食后随着饲粮进入瘤胃,瘤胃内容物被稀释,导致原虫数量降低,然后随食糜的排空,逐渐恢复甚至高于原来水平,但采食前后原虫数量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)对原虫进行形态学鉴别,观察到了厚毛属(Dasytricha)、内毛属(Entodinium)、鞘甲属(Elytroplastron)、单甲属(Eremplastron)、前毛属(Epidinium)、后毛属(Metadinium)6个属12种原虫,其中内毛属的种类最多。本研究结果为进一步了解反刍动物在采食饲粮前后瘤胃消化酶活性、微生物菌群日变化规律及原虫种类提供调控瘤胃功能和原虫形态学鉴定的基础数据。

本文引用格式

杨宝钰 , 王娇 , 颜轶男 , 阿依古丽·艾买尔 , 张苏江 . 奶牛瘤胃pH、消化酶活性及原虫数量的日动态变化研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(3) : 1534 -1544 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.03.035

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the daily dynamic changes of rumen pH, digestive enzyme activities, protozoa number and protozoa species. Three Holstein cows with body weight of (500±30) kg, lactation parity of 2 to 4, good health and permanent rumen fistula were selected as rumen fluid donors. The pre-test period was 14 days and the trial period was 7 days. The results showed as follow: 1) the rumen pH changed regularly with time, that is, the rumen pH was higher before feeding, and the rumen pH decreased rapidly with the diet entering into the rumen after feeding, and then the rumen pH gradually returned to the before feeding level with the decrease of rumen diet, and the rumen pH before and after feeding was significantly different (P<0.05). 2) The activities of protease, amylase and xylanase increased rapidly, while those of pectinase and cellulase increased slowly. Finally, the activities of these five enzymes gradually recovered to the original level, and the activities of the last three enzymes could be maintained at a high level for a long time. The activities of five enzymes were significantly different (P<0.05), except amylase and xylanase activities before and after the second feeding (P>0.05). 3) The results showed that the number of protozoa was higher before feeding, and the content of rumen was diluted after feeding, which led to the decrease of the number of protozoa, and then gradually recovered to or even higher than the original level with the emptying of chyme, but there was no significant difference in the number of protozoa before and after feeding (P>0.05). 4) Morphological identification of the protozoa was carried out, 6 genera and 12 species of protozoa were observed, the genus Dasytricha, Entodinium, Elytroplastron, Eremplastron, Epidinium and Metadinium, of which the most species of the genus Entodinium. The results of this study provide basic data for rumen function regulation and protozoa identification for rumen digestive enzyme activities, microbial flora and protozoa species before and after feeding.

参考文献

[1] 吐尔逊阿依·赛买提,钱文熙,敖维平,等.不同纤维水平饲粮对塔里木马鹿瘤胃原虫种群结构的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(2):13-22. TURSUNAY S,QIAN W X,AO W P,et al.Effects of different fiber levels on population structure of the Tarim wapiti rumen protozoa[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2018,53(2):13-22.(in Chinese)
[2] WANG S Q,ZHANG G M,ZHANG P Y,et al.Rumen fluid fermentation for enhancement of hydrolysis and acidification of grass clipping[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,220:142-148.
[3] FRANCO A,MASOT J,REDONDO E.Ontogenesis of the rumen:a comparative analysis of the Merino sheep and Iberian red deer[J].Animal Science Journal,2011,82(1):107-116.  
[4] WILLIAMS C L,THPMAS B J,MCEWAN N R,et al.Rumen protozoa play a significant role in fungal predation and plant carbohydrate breakdown[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2020,11:720.
[5] 陈代文,王恬.动物营养与饲养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011. CHEN D W,WANG T.Animal nutrition and feeding[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[6] KREHBIEL C R.Invited review:applied nutrition of ruminants:fermentation and digestive physiology[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2014,30(2):129-139.  
[7] 雷智嘉,雒秋江,黄振,等.多聚甲醛对牛瘤胃消化酶活性及营养物质消化的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(11):5080-5088. LEI Z J,LUO Q J,HUANG Z,et al.Effects of paraformaldehyde on activities of digestive enzymes of rumen and nutrient digestion in cattle[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(11):5080-5088.(in Chinese)
[8] 赵恒波,罗海玲,徐永锋,等.羔羊消化器官的早期生长发育和瘤胃内主要消化酶活性的变化[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(11):15-18. ZHAO H B,LUO H L,XU Y F,et al.Study on early development of gastrointestinal tract and activities of main digestive enzymes in rumen of lamb[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2006,42(11):15-18.(in Chinese)
[9] 赵亚军.高精料条件下奶牛复合益生菌的筛选[D].硕士学位论文.晋中:山西农业大学,2019. ZHAO Y J.Screening of compound probiotics for dairy cows fed high concentrate diets[D].Master's Thesis.Jinzhong:Shanxi Agricultural University,2019.(in Chinese)
[10] BUCHON N,BRODERICK N A,LEMAITRE B.Gut homeostasis in a microbial world:insights from Drosophila melanogaster[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2013,11(9):615-626.  
[11] 陈旭伟.不同皂苷对山羊瘤胃原虫和细菌种属变化以及纤维降解的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2009. CHEN X W.Effects of different saponins on species variety of rumen protozoa and pacteria and fiber digestibilities[D].Master's Thesis.Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2009.(in Chinese)
[12] LIMA F S,OIKONOMOU G,LIMA S F,et al.Prepartum and postpartum rumen fluid microbiomes:characterization and correlation with production traits in dairy cows[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2015,81(4):1327-1337.  
[13] DERAKHSHANI H,TUN H M,CARDOSO F C,et al.Linking peripartal dynamics of ruminal microbiota to dietary changes and production parameters[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2017,7:2143.
[14] MINUTI A,PALLADINO A,KHAN M J,et al.Abundance of ruminal bacteria,epithelial gene expression,and systemic biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation are altered during the peripartal period in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(12):8940-8951.  
[15] GIGER-REVERDIN S,RIGALMA K,DESNOYERS M,et al.Effect of concentrate level on feeding behavior and rumen and blood parameters in dairy goats:relationships between behavioral and physiological parameters and effect of between-animal variability[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(7):4367-4378.  
[16] YANG W Z,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Physically effective fiber:method of determination and effects on chewing,ruminal acidosis,and digestion by dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2618-2633.  
[17] DOREAU M,VAN DER WERF H M G,MICOL D,et al.Enteric methane production and greenhouse gases balance of diets differing in concentrate in the fattening phase of a beef production system[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(8):2518-2528.  
[18] 王娇,杨宝钰,阿依古丽·艾买尔,等.日粮添加甜高粱与苜蓿混贮对卡拉库尔羊消化道酶活性的影响[J/OL].中国畜牧杂志,2020:1-14.(2020-07-03)[2020-07-10].https://doi.org/10.19556/j.0258-7033.20200108-04. WANG J,YANG B Y,AYGUL A,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of sweet sorghum and alfalfa silage mixtures on enzyme activity of digestive tract of Karakul sheep[J/OL].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2020:1-14.(2020-07-03)[2020-07-10].https://doi.org/10.19556/j.0258-7033.20200108-04.(in Chinese)
[19] ZHANG R Y,ZHU W Y,JIANG L S,et al.Comparative metabolome analysis of ruminal changes in Holstein dairy cows fed low- or high-concentrate diets[J].Metabolomics,2017,13(6):74.
[20] 赵天章,李慧英,闫素梅.反刍动物饲料纤维物质瘤胃降解规律研究进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(9/10):158-160,164. ZHAO T Z,LI H Y,YAN S M.Research progress in rumen degradation of ruminant feed fiber[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2011,32(9/10):158-160,164.(in Chinese)
[21] 张辉,丛立新,魏园,等.不同纤维源日粮下东北梅花鹿瘤胃微生物功能基因的宏基因组分析[J].中国兽医学报,2020,40(7):1391-1396. ZHANG H,CONG L X,WEI Y,et al.Effect of different crude fiber source diets on rumen gene function of Sika deer[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2020,40(7):1391-1396.(in Chinese)
[22] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].4版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2016. ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and quality test technology[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2016.(in Chinese)
[23] 黄亚宇,司如,陈晓波,等.牛、绵羊和山羊饲养精要:动物营养需要与饲料成分表[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013. HUANG Y Y,SI R,CHEN X B,et al.Essentials of feeding cattle,sheep and goats:animal nutrition needs and feed composition table[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[24] 王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011. WANG J Q.Methods in ruminant nutrition research[M].Beijing:Modern Education Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[25] 冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006. FENG Y L.Ruminant nutrition[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[26] JIANG F G,LIN X Y,YAN Z G,et al.Effects of forage source and particle size on chewing activity,ruminal pH,and saliva secretion in lactating Holstein cows[J].Animal Science Journal,2019,90(3):382-392.  
[27] 王洪荣.反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒机制解析及其营养调控措施的研究进展[C]//第七届中国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.郑州:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2014:1. WANG H R.Mechanism analysis and nutritional strategies for prevention of sub-acute ruminal acidosis in ruminants[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Chinese Symposium on Feed Nutrition.Zhengzhou:Animal Nutrition Branch of Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Association,2014:1.(in Chinese)
[28] 王晓佳.瘤胃内不同时间不同位点pH值的变化规律[J].当代畜牧,2017(20):10-11. WANG X J.Changes of pH value in rumen at different time points[J].Contemporary Animal Husbandry,2017(20):10-11.(in Chinese)
[29] 王淑玲,王后福,盖叶顶,等.反刍动物生成VFA的研究进展[J].中国草食动物科学,2019,39(5):46-49. WANG S L,WANG H F,GAI Y D,et al.Advances in research on the production of VFA by ruminants[J].China Herbivore Science,2019,39(5):46-49.(in Chinese)
[30] 崔爽青.营养素感应与绵羊瘤胃原虫细胞生长的协同作用研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2018. CUI S Q.Study on synergistic of nutrient sensing and cell growth in sheep rumen protozoa[D].Master's Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[31] 李鹤琼,刘强,王聪,等.2-甲基丁酸对断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵、酶活及纤维分解菌菌群的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(12):2218-2226. LI H Q,LIU Q,WANG C,et al.Effects of 2-methylbutyrate supplementation on rumen fermentation,enzyme activities and cellulolytic bacteria in pre-and post-weaning dairy calves[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2015,46(12):2218-2226.(in Chinese)
[32] 张牧州,郝小燕,项斌伟,等.玉米皮和大豆皮组合替代玉米和玉米秸秆对育肥羊生长性能和瘤胃代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(2):765-774. ZHANG M Z,HAO X Y,XIANG B W,et al.Effects of replacing corn and corn straw with corn husk and soybean hulls combination on growth performance and rumen metabolism in fattening sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(2):765-774.(in Chinese)
[33] NRC.Ruminant nitrogen usage[S].Washington,D.C.:National Academies Press,1985.
[34] 刘焕.奶牛瘤胃微生物非淀粉多糖酶的利用[J].中国乳业,2014(12):46-47. LIU H.Utilization of non starch polysaccharide enzyme from rumen microorganism of dairy cattle[J].China Dairy,2014(12):46-47.(in Chinese)
[35] 杨开伦,许键,余雄,等.绵羊瘤胃微生物胞外蛋白酶的动态及纯化[J].八一农学院学报,1993,16(3):60-66. YANG K L,XU J,YU X,et al.Dynamics and purification of extracellular protease from rumen microorganisms of sheep[J].Journal of Bayi Agricultural College,1993(3):60-66.(in Chinese)
[36] 李钰琪,王彩蝶,屯妮萨·麦提赛伊迪,等.醋酸棉酚对绵羊瘤胃微生物数量及消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(7):3421-3430. LI Y Q,WANG C D,TUNISA M,et al.Effects of gossypol acetate on rumen microbial population and digestion and metabolism in sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3421-3430.(in Chinese)
[37] 王晓东,雒秋江,臧长江,等.不同添加水平多聚甲醛对绵羊瘤胃微生物数量及消化酶活性的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2019,46(3):719-731. WANG X D,LUO Q J,ZANG C J,et al.Effects of different supplemental doses of paraformaldehyde on the microorganism quantity and activities of digestive enzymes in the rumen of sheep[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2019,46(3):719-731.(in Chinese)
[38] 蔡娟.口服高、低剂量福尔马林和祛原虫对绵羊瘤胃微生物数量和消化酶活性的影响[D].硕士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2017. CAI J.Effects of oral administration with high and low dose of formalin and fauna-free on rumen microbial number and activities of digestive enzyme of sheep[D].Master's Thesis.Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[39] 杜健.奶牛养殖技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2013. DU J.Dairy farming technology[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[40] 王加启,吴克谦,张倩,等.肉牛高效益饲养技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2008. WANG J Q.High benefit feeding technology of beef cattle[M].Beijing:Jindun Publishing House,2008.(in Chinese)
[41] 李昭锋,曹潇,朱杰,等.细菌纤维素在植物细胞壁结构与功能研究中的应用及进展[J].食品科学,2020,41(19):263-271. LI Z F,CAO X,ZHU J,et al.Advances in bacterial cellulose in the study of structure and function of plant cell wall[J].Food Science,2020,41(19):263-271.(in Chinese)
[42] 孙盛楠,林谦,向海,等.不同长度的饲用苎麻青贮对黑山羊瘤胃发酵参数及纤维素酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(1):477-484. SUN S N,LIN Q,XIANG H,et al.Effects of different lengths of feeding-ramie silage on rumen fermentation parameters and cellulase activities of black goats[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(1):477-484.(in Chinese)
[43] 刘春龙,李忠秋,孙海霞,等.纤毛虫对反刍动物瘤胃内环境指标、营养物质代谢的影响的研究[J].家畜生态,2004,25(3):57-60. LIU C L,LI Z Q,SUN H X,et al.Effects of ciliate on rumen inner circumstance and metabolism of nutriment[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2004,25(3):57-60.(in Chinese)
[44] 巴桑珠扎,李斌,刘柳,等.西藏黄牛瘤胃微生物及瘤胃液物质特征值研究[J].畜牧兽医科学(电子版),2019(5):6-7. BASANG Z Z,LI B,LIU L,et al.Study on the characteristic values of rumen microbes and rumen fluid substance in Tibet yellow cattle[J].Graziery Veterinary Sciences (Electronic Version),2019(5):6-7.(in Chinese)
[45] 高爱武,侯先志,石彩霞,等.体外发酵条件下不同稀释率对牛瘤胃纤毛虫种属变化的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2003,24(4):31-34. GAO A W,HOU X Z,SHI C X,et al.Effects of different dilution rate on protozoa population in rumen under conditions of external fermentation[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2003,24(4):31-34.(in Chinese)
[46] 王帅,贾琦珍,陈根元,等.小花棘豆黄酮对瘤胃原虫和纤维素降解菌的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(6):11-13,16. WANG S,JIA Q Z,CHEN G Y,et al.Effects of flavonoid from oxytropis glabra DC on rumen protozoa and cellulolytic bacteria in vivo[J].China Feed,2015(06):11-13,16.(in Chinese)
[47] 方翟,苏皮·赛迪,吐尔逊阿依·赛买提,等.添加青绿饲料对塔里木马鹿瘤胃原虫数量的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(21):210-213,298-299. FANG D,SUPI S,TURSUNAY S,et al.Effect of adding green feed on the quantity of rumen protozoa in Tarim wapiti[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016(21):210-213,298-299.(in Chinese)
[48] 蔡娟,雒秋江,王选,等.口服福尔马林和祛原虫对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落和消化酶活性的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(10):2578-2590. CAI J,LUO Q J,WANG X,et al.Effect of the oral formalin and fauna-free on the microbiocoenosis and activities of digestive enzymes in the rumen of sheep[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(10):2578-2590.(in Chinese)
[49] 崔爽青,李胜利,孙海洲,等.反刍动物瘤胃原虫的化学感知及信号通路研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(11):1-5. CUI S Q,LI S L,SUN H Z,et al.Advances in chemical sensing and signal transduction of ruminal protozoa in ruminants[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2018,39(11):1-5.(in Chinese)
[50] DE LA FUENTE G,BELANCHE A,ABECIA L,et al.Rumen protozoal diversity in the spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) as compared with domestic goats (Capra hircus)[J].European Journal of Protistology,2009,45(2):112-120.  
[51] CARBERRY C A,KENNY D A,HAN S,et al.Effect of phenotypic residual feed intake and dietary forage content on the rumen microbial community of beef cattle[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(14):4949-4958.  
[52] 常维毅.不同季节日粮组成对狍瘤胃微生物区系、瘤胃内环境及血清生化指标的影响[D].博士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2012. CHANG W Y.Effects of ration of different seasons on microbial flora and environment of rumen and biochemical indicators of serum for roe deer[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Changchun:Jilin University,2012.(in Chinese)
[53] 吐尔逊阿依·赛买提.饲粮不同NDF水平对塔里木马鹿瘤胃内环境及原虫种群结构的影响[D].硕士学位论文.阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2018. TURSUNAY S.Effects of different NDF levels on ruminal environment and rumen protozoan population structure of Tarim wapiti[D].Master's Thesis.Alar:Tarim University,2018.(in Chinese)
[54] 桂荣,今井壮一.关于中国内蒙古牛瘤胃纤毛虫种类构成的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,1989,20(2):168-175. GUI R,SOICHI I.Rumen ciliate protozoal fauna and composition of the cattle in Nei-Mongol,China[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,1989,20(2):168-175.(in Chinese)
[55] LIN B,HENDERSON G,ZOU C X,et al.Characterization of the rumen microbial community composition of buffalo breeds consuming diets typical of dairy production systems in Southern China[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,207:75-84.
[56] KITTELMANN S,JANSSEN P H.Characterization of rumen ciliate community composition in domestic sheep,deer,and cattle,feeding on varying diets,by means of PCR-DGGE and clone libraries[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2011,75(3):468-481.  
[57] SINGH K M,TRIPATHI A K,PANDYA P R,et al.Dasytricha dominance in Surti buffalo rumen revealed by 18S rRNA sequences and real-time PCR assay[J].Current Microbiology,2011,63(3):281-288.  
[58] 刘旗.复合抗菌肽"态康利保"对山羊瘤胃纤毛虫种群结构及常见纤毛虫数量的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2018. LIU Q.Effects of compound antimicrobial peptides "Taikanglibao" on the community structure and the number of common ciliates population in the rumen of goats[D].Master's Thesis.Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
文章导航

/