华南虎母乳成分分析及虎代乳粉的研制

许卫华; 林开雄; 林炜明; 陈腾腾; 刘丹; 傅文源

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.03.053

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 3: 1724 - 1734

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.03.053

摘要

本试验旨在测定华南虎母乳营养成分，并在此基础上开发出一种虎专用代乳粉。采集3只产后6~10 d华南虎母乳，对乳中氨基酸、脂肪酸、乳糖、常量矿物元素和微量矿物元素等营养成分含量进行检测和分析，并根据虎母乳氨基酸结构，研制一种虎专用代乳粉。结果表明：1）华南虎母乳（以新鲜基础计）中，总氨基酸、总脂肪酸、乳糖含量分别为（10.85±0.80）%、（8.94±1.14）%和（2.70±0.14）%。2）华南虎母乳中油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸、ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例分别为41.126%、21.029%、20.880%、23.639%和1.529%。3）华南虎母乳中钙、磷、钠和钾含量分别为0.156%、0.179%、0.117%和0.088%，钙磷比例接近1：1。4）以乳蛋白为主要蛋白质来源的幼虎代乳粉中，蛋氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸和组氨酸4种氨基酸构成限制性氨基酸。5）人工育幼的18只东北虎幼虎和1只华南虎幼虎全部成功断奶。综上所述，华南虎母乳具有独特的营养构成，开发的虎代乳粉可成功饲喂东北虎幼虎和华南虎幼虎。

关键词： 华南虎; 东北虎; 母乳; 代乳粉; 人工育幼

本文引用格式

许卫华 , 林开雄 , 林炜明 , 陈腾腾 , 刘丹 , 傅文源 . 华南虎母乳成分分析及虎代乳粉的研制[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(3) : 1724 -1734 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.03.053

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional components of south China tiger’s breast milk and develop a special milk replacer for tigers. The milk of three Panthera tigris amoyensis from 6 to 10 days after parturition were collected. The contents of amino acids, fatty acids, lactose, major and trace elements were detected and analyzed. According to the amino acid composition of tiger milk, a special milk replacer for tiger was made. The results showed as follows: 1) as fresh milk calculated, the contents of amino acids, fatty acids and lactose were (10.85±0.80)%, (8.94±1.14)% and (2.70±0.14)%, respectively. 2) The proportions of oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the total fatty acid were 41.126%, 21.029%, 20.88%, 23.639% and 1.529%, respectively. 3) The contents of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium were 0.156%, 0.179%, 0.117% and 0.088%, respectively, and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus was close to 1:1. 4) For the tiger milk replacer based on various milk protein resources, methionine, arginine, leucine and histidine were the limiting amino acids. 5) All the 18 Amur tiger cubs and 1 South China tiger cub were reared and weaned successfully. In conclusion, the breast milk of South China tiger has a unique nutritional composition, and the milk replacer specialized to tiger cubs is appropriate for South China tiger cubs and Amur tiger cubs.

Key words： South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis); Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica); breast milk; milk replacer; hand rearing

参考文献

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