动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 4: 2013 - 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.04.021

禽营养与饲料 POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEED

饲粮苏氨酸水平对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质、脂肪代谢和免疫功能的影响

  • 林厦菁 ,
  • 席鹏彬 ,
  • 王一冰 ,
  • 范秋丽 ,
  • 程忠刚 ,
  • 丁发源 ,
  • 郑春田 ,
  • 蒋守群
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  • 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 畜禽育种国家重点实验室, 农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广州 510640
林厦菁(1988-),女,福建尤溪人,助理研究员,硕士,从事黄羽肉鸡营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:93783419@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-09-25

  网络出版日期: 2021-04-15

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0500600）；国家肉鸡产业技术体系项目（CARS-41-G10）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（31802104）；广东省科技计划项目（2017B020202003）；广州市科技计划重点项目（201804020091）；广东省农业科学院院长基金项目（201805，201807B，201809B，201908）；科技创新战略专项资金（高水平农科院建设）（R2019PY-QF008）

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Effects of Dietary Threonine Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality, Fat Metabolism and Immune Function of Yellow-Feathered Broilers from 1 to 21 Days of Age

  • LIN Xiajing ,
  • XI Pengbin ,
  • WANG Yibing ,
  • FAN Qiuli ,
  • CHENG Zhonggang ,
  • DING Fayuan ,
  • ZHENG Chuntian ,
  • JIANG Shouqun
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  • Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received date: 2020-09-25

  Online published: 2021-04-15

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摘要

本试验旨在通过研究饲粮苏氨酸水平对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质、脂肪代谢和免疫功能的影响，以确定1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡适宜的苏氨酸需要量。试验选用1日龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡雏鸡2 000只，按体重相同原则随机分为5组，每组8个重复（公母各占1/2），每个重复50只鸡。5个组的试验鸡分别饲喂含0.60%（基础饲粮）、0.67%、0.74%、0.81%和0.88%苏氨酸的饲粮，试验期为21 d。结果表明：1）饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉鸡公鸡、母鸡的末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比（P<0.05）。0.88%苏氨酸水平组黄羽肉鸡母鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量最高，0.74%苏氨酸水平组黄羽肉鸡公鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量最高。根据生长性能指标和回归分析结果，确定黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平为0.81%，黄羽肉鸡公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平为0.79%。2）饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉鸡公鸡、母鸡的全净膛率、半净膛率和腿肌率（P<0.05）。0.88%苏氨酸水平组黄羽肉鸡母鸡半净膛率和全净膛率最高，0.74%苏氨酸水平组黄羽肉鸡母鸡腿肌率最高；0.81%苏氨酸水平组黄羽肉鸡公鸡半净膛率最高，0.74%苏氨酸水平组黄羽肉鸡公鸡全净膛率和腿肌率最高。根据胴体品质指标和回归分析结果，确定黄羽肉鸡公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平为0.77%，黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平为0.88%。3）饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉鸡公鸡、母鸡的胸腺指数（P<0.05），其中0.88%苏氨酸水平组黄羽肉鸡公鸡和母鸡胸腺指数最高。4）饲粮苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉鸡母鸡血清中甘油三酯（TG）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和胰岛素（INS）含量有显著影响（P<0.05），其中0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中TG和INS含量最低，0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中IL-6和IgG含量最高；饲粮苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉鸡公鸡血清中低密度脂蛋白、INS、IL-6和IgG含量有显著影响（P<0.05），其中0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中LDL和INS含量最低，0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中IL-6和IgG含量最高。5）饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉鸡血液中T淋巴细胞增殖率（P<0.05），黄羽肉鸡母鸡和公鸡均是0.81%苏氨酸水平组血液中T淋巴细胞增殖率最高。由以上结果可以得出，饲粮中添加适宜水平苏氨酸可以提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质和增强免疫功能。以生长性能为主要判定指标，确定1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平为0.81%，黄羽肉鸡公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平为0.79%。

关键词： 黄羽肉鸡; 苏氨酸; 生长性能; 胴体品质; 免疫功能; 营养需要

本文引用格式

林厦菁 , 席鹏彬 , 王一冰 , 范秋丽 , 程忠刚 , 丁发源 , 郑春田 , 蒋守群 . 饲粮苏氨酸水平对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质、脂肪代谢和免疫功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(4) : 2013 -2023 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.04.021

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate threonine requirement for yellow-feathered broilers from 1 to 21 days of age by studying the effects of dietary threonine levels on growth performance, carcass quality, fat metabolism and immune function. A total of 2 000 Lingnan fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers of 1-day-old were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates (half male and half female) in each group and 50 chickens in each replicate. The experimental chickens in 5 groups were fed diets containing 0.60% (basal diet), 0.67%, 0.74%, 0.81% and 0.88% threonine for 21 days, respectively. The results showed as follows:1) dietary threonine levels significantly affected the final body weight, the average daily gain (ADG), the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the ratio of feed to gain (P<0.05). The ADG and ADFI of yellow-feathered hens in 0.88% threonine level group were the highest, while the ADG and ADFI of yellow-feathered roosters in 0.74% threonine level group were the highest. According to the growth performance indices and regression analysis results, the optimal threonine level in the diet for yellow-feathered hens was 0.81%, and that for yellow-feathered roosters was 0.79%. 2) Dietary threonine levels significantly affected the half-eviscerated yield percentage, the eviscerated yield percentage and the leg muscle rate of yellow-feathered hens and roosters (P<0.05). The half-eviscerated yield percentage and the eviscerated yield percentage of yellow-feathered hens in 0.88% threonine level group were the highest, and the leg muscle rate of yellow-feathered hens in 0.74% threonine level group was the highest; the half-eviscerated yield percentage of yellow-feathered roosters in 0.81% threonine level group was the highest, and the eviscerated yield percentage and the leg muscle rate of yellow-feathered roosters in 0.74% threonine level group were the highest. According to the carcass quality indices and regression analysis results, the optimal threonine level in the diet for yellow-feathered roosters was 0.77%, and that for yellow-feathered hens was 0.88%. 3) Dietary threonine levels significantly affected the thymus index of yellow-feathered hens and roosters (P<0.05). The thymus index of yellow-feathered hens and roosters in 0.88% threonine level level group was the highest. 4) Dietary threonine levels had significant effects on the contents of triglyceride (TG), immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin (INS) in serum of yellow-feathered hens (P<0.05), the serum contents of TG and INS in 0.88% threonine level group was the lowest, and the serum contents of IL-6 and IgG in 0.88% threonine level group was the highest. Dietary threonine levels had significant effects on the contents of low-density lipoprotein, INS, IL-6 and IgG in serum of yellow-feathered roosters (P<0.05), the serum contents of LDL and INS in 0.88% threonine level group was the lowest, and the serum contents of IL-6 and IgG in 0.88% threonine level group was the highest. 5) Dietary threonine levels significantly affected T lymphocyte proliferation rate in blood of yellow-feathered broilers (P<0.05). The T lymphocyte proliferation rate in blood of both male and female yellow-feathered broilers in 0.81% threonine level group was the highest. In conclusion, appropriate dietary threonine level can improve the growth performance, carcass quality and immune function of yellow-feathered broilers. According to the growth performance, the optimal threonine level in the diet for yellow-feathered female and male broilers from 1 to 21 days of age is 0.81% and 0.79%, respectively.

Key words： yellow-feathered broilers; threonine; growth performance; carcass quality; immune function; nutrient requirement

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