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酶菌混合处理荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草对滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃细菌多样性和碳水化合物活性酶类的影响

  • 姜碧薇 ,
  • 王甜 ,
  • 周玉香 ,
  • 李斐
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  • 1. 宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021;
    2. 宁夏职业技术学院, 银川 750021
姜碧薇(1989-),女,宁夏银川人,博士研究生,动物生产系统与工程专业。E-mail:642548386@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-09-02

  网络出版日期: 2021-04-15

基金资助

农业部公益性行业(农业)(201503134)

Effects of Buckwheat Straw and Alfalfa Hay Treated by Enzyme and Bacteria on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Rumen Bacterial Diversity and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes of Tan Sheep

  • JIANG Biwei ,
  • WANG Tian ,
  • ZHOU Yuxiang ,
  • LI Fei
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  • 1. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    2. Ningxia Vocational and Technical College, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received date: 2020-09-02

  Online published: 2021-04-15

Supported by

 

摘要

本试验旨在研究酶菌混合处理荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草对滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃细菌多样性和碳水化合物活性酶类(CAZy)的影响。选择体重相近、健康状况良好的3月龄断奶宁夏滩羊20只,随机分为2组,每组10只。对照组以未经处理的荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草(荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草的比例为20:80)作为粗饲料,试验组以纤维素酶(活性≥10 000 U/g)与复合益生菌(主要成分为酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌)混合处理的荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草(荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草的比例为20:80)作为粗饲料,2组饲粮精料相同,精粗比均为30:70。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。饲养试验结束当天早晨,空腹口腔采集瘤胃液并提取DNA用于瘤胃细菌多样性和宏基因组分析,采集瘤胃液后每组选择5只体重接近平均体重的羊只禁食24 h、禁水2 h后屠宰,进行屠宰性能和肉品质指标检测。结果显示:1)试验组的总增重和平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),料重比极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。2)试验组各项屠宰性能、肉品质指标和羊肉营养成分含量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验组Chao指数和ACE指数极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);在门水平上,试验组厚壁菌门的丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),拟杆菌门和Kiritimatiellaeota的丰度极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。在属水平上,试验组普雷沃菌属1和库特氏菌属的丰度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。4)CAZy注释结果显示,在A层级中,试验组与对照组的主要家族均为糖苷水解酶(GH)、糖基转移酶(GT)和碳水化合物结合模块(CBM);在B层级中,与对照组相比,试验组丰度显著上调的基因有12个(P<0.05),显著下调的基因有3个(P<0.05)。综上所述,用酶菌混合处理的荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草饲喂滩羊,能够提高滩羊的生长性能,有改善滩羊肉色和肉品质的趋势,同时有益于滩羊瘤胃内纤维降解菌的形成,并影响了滩羊瘤胃细菌多样性和部分CAZy基因的丰度。本试验条件下,酶菌混合处理的荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草饲喂滩羊效果较佳,益于滩羊养殖,可推广使用。

本文引用格式

姜碧薇 , 王甜 , 周玉香 , 李斐 . 酶菌混合处理荞麦秸秆和苜蓿干草对滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃细菌多样性和碳水化合物活性酶类的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(4) : 2335 -2346 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.04.051

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of buckwheat straw and alfalfa hay treated by enzyme and bacteria on growth performance, slaughter performance, rumen bacterial diversity and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) of Tan sheep. Twenty 3-month-old Ningxia Tan sheep with similar body weight and good health condition were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 sheep in each group. Control group and trail group had the same concentrate, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 30:70, but the control group used untreated buckwheat straw and alfalfa hay (the ratio of straw to alfalfa was 20:80) as roughage, and the trial group used buckwheat straw and alfalfa hay which treated by compound probiotics (main components were yeast, Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria) and cellulase (activity ≥ 10 000 U/g). The pre feeding period was 15 days and the normal feeding period was 60 days. In the morning of the end of feeding experiment, rumen fluid was collected from fasting oral cavity and DNA was extracted for rumen bacterial diversity and metagenome analysis. After rumen fluid was collected, five sheep in each group with body weight closed to the average body weight were fasted for 24 h, and slaughtered after water deprivation for 2 h. Slaughtering performance and meat quality indexes were measured. The results showed as follows:1) the total gain and average daily gain of Tan sheep in the trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), and the feed/gain was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). 2) There were no significant differences in slaughter performance, meat quality indexes and mutton nutrient contents between the trial group and the control group (P>0.05). 3) The Chao index and ACE index in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01); at the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicum in the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the abundances of Bacteroides and Kiritimatiella were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). At the genus level, the abundances of Prevotella_1 and Kurthia in the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). 4) The result of CAZy annotation showed that, in level A, the main families of experimental group and control group were glycoside hydrolase (GH), glycosyltransferase (GT) and carbohydrate binding module (CBM); in level B, the abundances of 12 genes were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), and the abundances of 3 genes were down regulated (P<0.05). It is concluded that feeding Tan sheep with buckwheat straw and alfalfa hay treated by enzyme and bacteria can improve the growth performance, and tend to improve the meat color and meat quality, at the same time, it is beneficial to the formation of fiber degrading bacteria in the rumen, and affect the microbial diversity of rumen and the gene abundances of some CAZy of Tan sheep. Under the condition of this experiment, the feeding effect of buckwheat straw and alfalfa hay treated by enzyme and bacteria is better, which is beneficial to Tan sheep breeding, can popularize use.

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