动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 5: 2727 - 2737

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.05.032

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

饲粮添加不同过瘤胃脂肪源对奶牛生产性能及牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响

  • 许鹏 ,
  • 杨致玲 ,
  • 吴树峰 ,
  • 段增亮 ,
  • 王亚茹 ,
  • 曹名玉 ,
  • 高荣琨 ,
  • 张拴林 ,
  • 刘强 ,
  • 郭刚
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  • 1. 山西农业大学动物科学学院, 太谷 030801;
    2. 山西欣东检测技术有限公司, 孝义 032300;
    3. 山西农业大学动物医学学院, 太谷 030801
许鹏(1996-),男,山西太原人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:783727437@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-10-10

  网络出版日期: 2021-05-14

基金资助

健康功能畜产品生产技术研究与应用（201703D211001-05-04）；山西省科技攻关项目（20140311022-2）；山西现代农业牛产业技术体系（19-05）

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Effects of Dietary Different Rumen Protected Fat Sources on Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cattle

  • XU Peng ,
  • YANG Zhiling ,
  • WU Shufeng ,
  • DUAN Zengliang ,
  • WANG Yaru ,
  • CAO Mingyu ,
  • GAO Rongkun ,
  • ZHANG Shuanlin ,
  • LIU Qiang ,
  • GUO Gang
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  • 1. College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;
    2. Shanxi Xindong Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Xiaoyi 032300, China;
    3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China

Received date: 2020-10-10

  Online published: 2021-05-14

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同过瘤胃脂肪源对奶牛生产性能及牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响。试验选用24头泌乳量和分娩期相近的荷斯坦奶牛，按照随机区组法分为3组，每组8头牛，第1组饲喂由全株玉米青贮饲料、苜蓿干草和精补料组成的基础饲粮；第2组和第3组分别在基础饲粮中添加过瘤胃不饱和脂肪和过瘤胃饱和脂肪，添加量均为200 g/d。预试期7 d，正试期60 d。结果表明：1）与第1组相比，添加不同过瘤胃脂肪源对干物质采食量、泌乳量、乳脂率、乳脂产量、乳蛋白产量和饲料转化率的影响不显著（P>0.05），第2组和第3组的乳蛋白率和体细胞数分别显著高于和低于第1组（P<0.05）。2）试验前期第3组血清中脂肪酸甘油三酯脂肪酶的活性显著高于第1组和第2组（P<0.05），后期第3组血清中脂肪酸甘油三酯脂肪酶的活性显著高于第2组（P<0.05），其余各组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；试验期血清中乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-Ⅰ、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。3）试验前期第2组和第3组血清中胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ含量均显著高于第1组（P<0.05），后期第2组血清胰岛素含量显著高于第1组和第3组（P<0.05），后期其他血清激素含量各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。4）试验前期添加过瘤胃脂肪显著降低了血清中β-羟丁酸和非酯化脂肪酸含量（P<0.05），试验后期血清丙二醛含量显著下降（P>0.05），其余指标各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。5）添加不同过瘤胃脂肪源能有效减缓体况的下降（P<0.05）。6）试验后期第2组牛奶中的C18：1n9c、C18：2n6c和总不饱和脂肪酸含量比其余组显著增加（P<0.05），而总的饱和脂肪酸含量比第3组显著下降（P<0.05），第3组中的C16：0和总饱和脂肪酸含量比其余组显著增加（P<0.05），其余各种脂肪酸含量各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述，添加过瘤胃脂肪可提高牛奶中乳蛋白率，降低血清中丙二醛含量，改善体况，其中添加过瘤胃不饱和脂肪还能提高牛奶中油酸和亚油酸含量，改善乳品质量。

关键词： 奶牛; 过瘤胃不饱和脂肪; 体况; 表观消化率; 脂肪酸

本文引用格式

许鹏 , 杨致玲 , 吴树峰 , 段增亮 , 王亚茹 , 曹名玉 , 高荣琨 , 张拴林 , 刘强 , 郭刚 . 饲粮添加不同过瘤胃脂肪源对奶牛生产性能及牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(5) : 2727 -2737 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.05.032

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary different rumen protected fat sources on performance and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cattle. Twenty-four multiparous Chinese Holstein were distributed into three groups with 8 cattle in each group. Group 1 were fed a basal diet consisting of corn silage, alfalfa hay and concentrate supplement; groups 2 and 3 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 200 g rumen protected unsaturated fat and rumen protected saturated fat, respectively. The pretrial period lasted for 7 d and trial period lasted for 60 d. The results showed as follows:1) compared with group 1, supplementation of different rumen protected fat sources had no effect on dry matter intake, yield of milk, milk fat rate, yield of milk fat, yield of milk protein and feed conversion rate (P>0.05), but the milk protein rate and somatic cell counts in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher and lower than those in group 1 (P<0.05). 2) The serum fatty acid triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity in group 3 in the early stage was significantly higher than that in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05). The serum ATGL activity in group 3 in the later stage was significantly higher than that in group 2 (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference among other groups (P>0.05). The activities of serum acetyl-CoA carboxylase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-Ⅰ, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase had no significant difference among groups (P>0.05). 3) The contents of serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ in the early stage in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05). The serum insulin content in the later stage in group 2 was significantly higher than that in groups 1 and 3 (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in other hormone indexes among groups (P>0.05). 4) The contents of serum β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acid in early stage were significantly decreased by adding rumen protected fat (P<0.05), the serum malonaldehyde content in later stage was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the other serum biochemical indices were not affected significantly (P>0.05). 5) Supplementation of different rumen protected fat sources alleviated body condition score decline (P<0.05). 6) The contents of C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c and total unsaturated fatty acids in milk in group 2 in later stage were significantly increased compared with the other groups (P<0.05). While the total saturated fatty acid content was significantly decreased compared with group 3 (P<0.05), and the contents of C16:0 and total saturated fatty acid in group 3 were significantly increased compared with other groups (P<0.05), and the other milk fatty acid contents had no significant difference among other groups (P>0.05). Overall, this study indicates that supplementation of rumen protected fat can elevate milk protein rate, reduce the content of malondialdehyde in serum, alleviate body condition score, the supplementation of unsaturated fat positively impact the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid in milk and improve the quality of milk.

Key words： dairy cattle; rumen protected unsaturated fat; body condition; apparent digestibility; fatty acids

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