动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 5: 2982 - 2992

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.05.056

研究简报 SHORT COMMUNICATION

全株玉米青贮、小麦秸秆、苜蓿干草组合的体外消化特性及组合效应研究

  • 程景 ,
  • 张元庆 ,
  • 张丹丹 ,
  • 李博 ,
  • 靳光 ,
  • 王栋才 ,
  • 徐芳 ,
  • 孙锐锋
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  • 山西农业大学(山西省农业科学院)动物科学学院, 太原 030032
程景(1988-),女,山西太谷人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:chengjing1104@126.com

收稿日期: 2020-10-30

  网络出版日期: 2021-05-14

基金资助

山西省青年科技研究基金（201801D221309）；2020农业农村部政府购买服务项目（16200158-10）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0501703）；山西省现代农业产业技术体系（2017-05）；山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题（YCX2018D2YS03）

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Digestive Characteristics and Associative Effects of Whole Corn Silage, Wheat Straw and Alfalfa Hay in Vitro

  • CHENG Jing ,
  • ZHANG Yuanqing ,
  • ZHANG Dandan ,
  • LI Bo ,
  • JIN Guang ,
  • WANG Dongcai ,
  • XU Fang ,
  • SUN Ruifeng
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  • College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University(Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science), Taiyuan 030032, China

Received date: 2020-10-30

  Online published: 2021-05-14

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摘要

本试验旨在通过研究不同配比全株玉米青贮（WCS）、小麦秸秆（WS）和苜蓿干草（AH）的体外消化性能和组合效应，筛选出肉牛全混合日粮的最佳粗饲料组合。将WCS、WS和AH按不同比例（WCS：WS：AH分为80：10：10、70：10：20、70：20：10、60：30：10、60：20：20、60：10：30、50：10：40、50：20：30、50：30：20、50：40：10）组成10种组合粗饲料，加上3种单独的粗饲料，共计13种发酵底物，进行体外发酵，测定产气量（GP）、体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）以及发酵液pH、氨态氮（NH3-N）与挥发性脂肪酸浓度等发酵参数，并计算10种粗饲料组合的多项组合效应指数（MFAEI）。结果显示：1）10种组合粗饲料中以WCS：WS：AH为80：10：10时72 h GP最高，且显著高于除WCS：WS：AH为70：20：10外的其他组合（P<0.05）；3种单一粗饲料中则以WCS的72 h GP最高，显著高于WS和AH（P<0.05）。2）10种组合粗饲料中快速降解部分产气量（a）和慢速降解部分产气量（b）均以WCS：WS：AH为80：10：10时最高，显著高于其他组合（P<0.05）；3种单一粗饲料中则以WCS的a、b和b的产气速率常数（c）最高，均显著高于WS（P<0.05）。3）体外发酵72 h后，10种组合粗饲料中IVDMD以WCS：WS：AH为80：10：10时最高；3种单一粗饲料中WCS的IVDMD最高，NH3-N浓度则表现为AH显著高于WS（P<0.05），pH表现为AH和WS显著高于WCS（P<0.05）。4）10种组合粗饲料中WCS：WS：AH为70：20：10时，发酵液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度最高，显著高于其他组合（P<0.05）；3种单一粗饲料中WCS的发酵液中TVFA浓度显著高于AH和WS（P<0.05）。5）10种组合粗饲料的MFAEI以WCS：WS：AH为70：20：10最高（0.613 2）。6）组合粗饲料的72 h IVDMD与酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和粗灰分（Ash）含量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。综上所述，以MFAEI评定的最优全株玉米青贮、小麦秸秆、苜蓿干草组合比例为70：20：10。

关键词： 全株玉米青贮; 小麦秸秆; 苜蓿干草; 组合效应; 体外法

本文引用格式

程景 , 张元庆 , 张丹丹 , 李博 , 靳光 , 王栋才 , 徐芳 , 孙锐锋 . 全株玉米青贮、小麦秸秆、苜蓿干草组合的体外消化特性及组合效应研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(5) : 2982 -2992 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.05.056

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to select the best roughage combination of fermented total mixed ration by studying the digestive characteristics and associative effects of different proportions of whole corn silage (WCS), wheat straw (WS) and alfalfa hay (AH) in vitro. Ten combined forages were prepared with different proportions of WCS, WS and AH [WCS:WS:AH=80:10:10, 70:10:20, 70:20:10, 60:30:10, 60:20:20, 60:10:30, 50:10:40, 50:20:30, 50:30:20, 50:40:10, respectively]. Ten combined forages plus three single forages, as 13 fermentation substrates, were fermented in vitro. The fermentation parameters were measured, including gas production (GP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and pH, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) in fermentation broth, and the multiply factor associative effects index (MFAEI) of 10 combined forages were calculated. The results were showed as follows:1) among the 10 combined forages, the 72 h GP was the highest when WCS:WS:AH=80:10:10, and it was significantly higher than that of other combinations except WCS:WS:AH=70:20:10 (P<0.05). Among the 3 single forages, the 72 h GP of WCS was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of WS and AH (P<0.05). 2) Among the 10 combined forages, the gas production of quickly degraded part (a) and the gas production of slowly degraded part (b) were the highest when WCS:WS:AH=80:10:10, and they were significantly higher than those of other combinations (P<0.05). Among the 3 single forages, WCS has the highest value of a, b and the gas production rate constant of b (c), and they were significantly higher than those of WS (P<0.05). 3) After 72 h fermentation, the IVDMD was the highest when WCS:WS:AH=80:10:10 among the 10 combined forages. Among the 3 single forages, the IVDMD of WCS was the highest. The concentration of NH3-N of AH was significantly higher than that of WS (P<0.05). The pH of AH and WS was significantly higher than that of WCS (P<0.05). 4) The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in the WCS:WS:AH=70:20:10 combination were significantly higher than those in other combinations (P<0.05). The concentration of TVFA in WCS was significantly higher than that of AH and WS (P<0.05). 5) The MFAEI was the highest (0.613 2) when WCS:WS:AH=70:20:10. 6) The 72 h IVDMD of combined forages was extremely significantly negatively correlated with ash and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents (P<0.01), and was significantly negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (P<0.05). It is concluded that the optimal combined ratio of WCS, WS and AH evaluated by MFAEI is 70:20:10.

Key words： whole corn silage; wheat straw; alfalfa hay; associative effects; in vitro method

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