动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 7: 3934 - 3948

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.07.035

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

不同中性洗涤纤维来源和粒度的全混合日粮对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和采食行为的影响

  • 王硕 ,
  • 苗赟 ,
  • 焦崇 ,
  • 刁其玉 ,
  • 朴泯宇 ,
  • 孔路欣 ,
  • 解瑞宝 ,
  • 马长永 ,
  • 蒋林树 ,
  • 于博 ,
  • 屠焰
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  • 1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 北京 100081;
    2. 北京农学院, 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 102206;
    3. 山东银香伟业集团有限公司, 菏泽 274400;
    4. 昌平区崔村动物防疫站, 北京 102200
王硕(1995-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:784797615@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-01-08

  网络出版日期: 2021-07-06

基金资助

奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队专项（BAIC06-2021）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2017-FRI-04）

收起

Effects of Different Neutral Detergent Fiber Sources and Particle Sizes of Total Mixed Ration on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Feeding Behavior of Suckling Calves

  • WANG Shuo ,
  • MIAO Yun ,
  • JIAO Chong ,
  • DIAO Qiyu ,
  • PIAO Minyu ,
  • KONG Luxin ,
  • XIE Ruibao ,
  • MA Changyong ,
  • JIANG Linshu ,
  • YU Bo ,
  • TU Yan
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  • 1. Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
    3. Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co., Ltd., Heze 274400, China;
    4. Animal Epidemic Prevention Station of Cui Village of Changping District, Beijing 102200, China

Received date: 2020-01-08

  Online published: 2021-07-06

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同中性洗涤纤维（NDF）来源（燕麦草和大豆皮）和粒度的全混合日粮（TMR）对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和采食行为的影响。选取（4.2±2.3）日龄和体重[（39.2±3.6） kg]相近的荷斯坦犊牛45头，随机分为3组，每组15头（9公6母）。3组分别饲喂燕麦草粉TMR（SO组）、长燕麦草TMR（LO组）和大豆皮粉TMR（SS组）。犊牛单栏饲养，试验期为7~63日龄。结果显示：1）不同NDF来源和粒度的TMR对犊牛的体重、干物质采食量、平均日增重、体高、体斜长、十字部高、胸围和腰角宽均无显著影响（P>0.05），试验全期SS组的饲料转化率显著高于SO组（P<0.05）。2）不同NDF来源和粒度的TMR对犊牛挑食指数无显著影响（P>0.05），且随日龄增长，各层挑食指数逐渐趋于1。3）LO组的21日龄血清碱性磷酸（ALP）活性和49日龄血清谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著高于SO组（P<0.05），SS组的49日龄血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性显著低于SO组（P<0.05）；从平均值来看，LO组的血清AST和ALP活性均显著高于SO组（P<0.05），SS组的血清总蛋白（TP）和球蛋白（GLB）含量显著高于SO组（P<0.05），不同NDF来源和日龄的交互作用显著影响血清GLB含量（P<0.05）。4）15日龄时，LO组非营养性口腔行为（NNOB）时长有低于SO组的趋势（0.05≤P<0.10），采食次数有高于SO组的趋势（0.05≤P<0.10）。30日龄时，SO组的饮水时长和NNOB时长均显著高于LO组（P<0.05），SO组的反刍时长和饮水时长显著高于SS组（P<0.05），SO组的反刍次数有高于SS组的趋势（0.05≤P<0.10）。综上所述，大豆皮粉替代燕麦草粉作为TMR的主要NDF来源对犊牛有着更好的饲料转化率，但是会减少反刍时长，增加瘤胃酸中毒的风险。从TMR粒度的角度看，长粒度TMR可减少犊牛NNOB。

关键词： 犊牛; 全混合日粮; 粒度; 中性洗涤纤维来源; 大豆皮; 行为

本文引用格式

王硕 , 苗赟 , 焦崇 , 刁其玉 , 朴泯宇 , 孔路欣 , 解瑞宝 , 马长永 , 蒋林树 , 于博 , 屠焰 . 不同中性洗涤纤维来源和粒度的全混合日粮对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和采食行为的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(7) : 3934 -3948 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.07.035

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) sources (oat hay and soybean hull) and particle sizes of total mixed ration (TMR) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and feeding behavior of suckling calves. Forty-five (4.2±2.3)-day-old Holstein calves with similar average body weight of (39.2±3.6) kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 15 calves (9 males and 6 females) per group. Calves in 3 groups were fed oat hay powder TMR (SO group), long oat hay TMR (LO group) and soybean hull powder TMR (SS group), respectively. All calves were raised individually and the experiment lasted from 7 to 63 days of age. The results showed as follows:1) different NDF sources and particle sizes of TMR had no significant effects on body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, body length, body oblique length, cruciform height, heart girth and hip width of calves (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in whole period of SS group was significantly higher than that of SO group (P<0.05). 2) Different NDF sources and particle sizes of TMR had no significant effect on sorting index of calves (P>0.05), and with the day of age increased, the sorting index of each sieve gradually approached 1. 3) The serum alkaline phosphoric acid (ALP) activity at 21 days of age and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) activity at 49 days of age of LO calves were significantly higher than those of SO group (P<0.05), and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity at 49 days of age of SS group was significantly lower than that of SO group (P<0.05); on the mean, the activities of AST and ALP in serum of LO group were significantly higher than those of SO group (P<0.05), the contents of total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) in serum of SS group were significantly higher than those in SO group (P<0.05), and the interaction of different NDF sources and day of age significant affected the serum GLB content (P<0.05). 4) At 15 days of age, the non-nutritive oral behavior (NNOB) duration of LO group tended to be lower than that of SO group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10), and the eating times tended to be higher than that of SO group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10). At 30 days of age, the drinking duration and NNOB duration of SO group were significantly higher than those of LO group (P<0.05), the ruminating duration and drinking duration of SO group were significantly higher than those of SS group (P<0.05), and the ruminating times of SO group tended to be higher than that of SS group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10). In conclusion, soybean hull powder instead of oat hay powder as the primary NDF source of TMR has better feed conversion for calves, but increase the risk of rumen acidosis due to reducing the ruminating duration. From the perspective of TMR particle size, longer particle size TMR can reduce NNOB of calves.

Key words： calves; total mixed ration; particle sizes; NDF sources; soybean bull; behavior

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