动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 8: 4491 - 4501

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.08.029

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

青海地区不同海拔高度牦牛乳微生物多样性研究

  • 马静 ,
  • 王迅 ,
  • 孙璐 ,
  • 刘书杰
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  • 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海高原牦牛研究中心, 西宁 810016;
    3. 青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室, 西宁 810016
马静(1997-),女,青海刚察人,硕士研究生,动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:2423940958@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-03-11

  网络出版日期: 2021-08-11

基金资助

青海省重点实验室专项（2013-Z-Y03）；青海省牛产业科技创新平台

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Study on Microbial Diversity of Yak Milk at Different Altitudes in Qinghai Area

  • MA Jing ,
  • WANG Xun ,
  • SUN Lu ,
  • LIU Shujie
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  • 1. Qinghai Academy of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    2. Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center, Xining 810016, China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China

Received date: 2021-03-11

  Online published: 2021-08-11

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摘要

牦牛乳作为天然浓缩乳为各类微生物的生长提供了所需的营养物质，为了解青藏高原青海地区高寒草地类不同海拔高度牦牛生鲜乳中微生物组成和结构，本研究利用16S rDNA方法对在不同海拔高度采集的牦牛乳进行微生物多样性分析，牦牛乳采样点海拔高度分别为4 781（yak1）、3 984（yak2）、3 372 m （yak3），每个采样点采集5个样本。结果显示：在97%的一致性水平下获得12 329个操作分类单元（OTUs），3个海拔高度牦牛乳共同拥有2 988个OTUs；微生物Alpha多样性指数在3个海拔高度牦牛乳间无显著差异（P>0.05）。在门水平上，3个海拔高度牦牛乳中优势菌门均为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes），这2个菌门在yak1牦牛乳中分别占细菌总序列的44.49%和20.93%，在yak2牦牛乳中分别占细菌总序列39.30%和32.66%，在yak3牦牛乳中分别占细菌总序列41.32%和23.90%；在属水平上，yak1和yak3牦牛乳的优势菌属为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter），yak2牦牛乳中乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）为优势菌属；在种水平上，yak1牦牛乳中优势菌种为鲁氏不动杆菌（Acinetobacter lwoffii），yak2牦牛乳中优势菌种为奥斯陆莫拉氏（Moraxella osloensis），yak3牦牛乳中优势菌种为Kosakonia oryzae。由此可知，青海地区不同海拔高度牦牛乳中微生物组成和丰度存在差异。

关键词： 牦牛乳; 海拔高度; 16S rDNA; 微生物多样性

本文引用格式

马静 , 王迅 , 孙璐 , 刘书杰 . 青海地区不同海拔高度牦牛乳微生物多样性研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(8) : 4491 -4501 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.08.029

Abstract

As a natural concentrated milk, yak milk provides nutrients needed for the growth of various microorganisms. To understand the microbial composition and structure of yak raw milk at different altitudes in alpine grasslands in Qinghai area of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the 16S rDNA method was used to analyze the microbial diversity of yak milk which sampled at altitudes of 4 781 (yak1), 3 984 (yak2) and 3 372 (yak3) in this study, and 5 samples were collected in each sampling point. The results showed that a total of 12 329 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at the level of 97% identity, and there were 2 988 OTUs in yak milk from three altitudes. There was no significant difference in microbial Alpha diversity indexes of yak milk among three altitudes (P>0.05). At phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria phyla, and the two phyla in yak milk of the yak1 account for the bacterial sequence respectively 44.49% and 20.93% of the total, 39.30% and 32.66% in yak milk of the yak2, 41.32% and 23.90% in yak milk of the yak3. At genus level, the dominant genus in yak milk of the yak1 and yak3 was Acinetobacter, and the yak3 was Lactobacillus as the dominant genus. At species level, the dominant species in yak milk of the yak1 was Acinetobacter lwoffii, the dominant species of yak2 was Moraxella osloensis, and the dominant species of yak3 was Kosakonia oryzae. It can be seen that the microbial composition and abundance of yak milk at different altitudes in Qinghai area have differences.

Key words： yak milk; altitude; 16S rDNA; microbial diversity

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