动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 8: 4511 - 4519

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.08.031

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

饲粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、体尺增长及血清生化和内分泌激素指标的影响

  • 孙光明 ,
  • 洛桑顿珠 ,
  • 巴桑旺堆 ,
  • 平措占堆 ,
  • 张强 ,
  • 姜南 ,
  • 姜辉 ,
  • 达娃央拉 ,
  • 朱彦宾
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  • 1. 西藏自治区农牧科学院, 省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室, 拉萨 850000;
    2. 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 拉萨 850009
孙光明(1992-),男,甘肃庆阳人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:772156504@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-01-21

  网络出版日期: 2021-08-11

基金资助

日粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生产性能的影响（XZNKY-2020-C-007Z06）；国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系（CARS-37）；藏北高原新型牦牛暖棚设计与母牦牛高效养殖技术集成示范（YDZX20195400004383）；牦牛健康养殖技术集成示范（XZ201901NA02）；牦牛品种选育（XZ201901NA02）

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Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Growth Performance, Body Size Increasement and Serum Biochemical and Endocrine Hormone Parameters of Fattening Yaks under Stall-Feeding

  • SUN Guangming ,
  • Luosangdunzhu ,
  • Basangwangdui ,
  • Pingcuozhandui ,
  • ZHANG Qiang ,
  • JIANG Nan ,
  • JIANG Hui ,
  • Dawayangla ,
  • ZHU Yanbing
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;
    2. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China

Received date: 2021-01-21

  Online published: 2021-08-11

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、体尺增长及血清生化和内分泌激素指标的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机设计，选取24头体况良好、体重（126.6±10.5） kg、3周岁左右的林周县本地公牦牛，随机分为3组，每组4个重复，每个重复2头牛。各组分别饲喂能量水平为3.72（低能组）、4.45（中能组）和5.31 MJ/kg （高能组）的试验饲粮。预试期10 d，正试期90 d。结果表明：1）高能组末重和综合净能摄入量极显著高于中、低能组（P<0.01）。高能组平均日增重极显著高于中、低能组（P<0.01），中能组极显著高于低能组（P<0.01）。高能组料重比极显著低于中、低能组（P<0.01），中能组极显著低于低能组（P<0.01）。各组之间平均日采食量差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）高能组体高和胸围增长极显著高于中、低能组（P<0.01）。各组之间体斜长和管围增长差异不显著（P>0.05）。3）高能组血清甘油三酯和非酯化脂肪酸含量极显著高于中、低能组（P<0.01），中能组显著高于低能组（P<0.05）。高能组血清胆固醇含量和乳酸脱氢酶活性极显著高于中、低能组（P<0.01）。各组之间血清葡萄糖、尿素氮、白蛋白、球蛋白、总蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性及白球比差异不显著（P>0.05）。4）高能组血清胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子-1和瘦素含量极显著高于中、低能组（P<0.01）。由此可见，饲粮能量水平从3.72 MJ/kg提高到5.31 MJ/kg显著提高了舍饲育肥牦牛的平均日增重，同时促进育肥牦牛糖、脂肪、氮代谢。因此，对短期舍饲育肥牦牛，可通过提高饲粮能量水平有效发挥其育肥潜力。

关键词： 牦牛; 能量; 生长性能; 体尺; 血清生化指标

本文引用格式

孙光明 , 洛桑顿珠 , 巴桑旺堆 , 平措占堆 , 张强 , 姜南 , 姜辉 , 达娃央拉 , 朱彦宾 . 饲粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、体尺增长及血清生化和内分泌激素指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(8) : 4511 -4519 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.08.031

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary energy level on growth performance, body size increasement and serum biochemical and endocrine hormone parameters of fattening yaks under stall-feeding. A single factor completely randomized design was used in the experiment, a total of 24 local male healthy yaks from Linzhou county with good condition, body weight of (126.6±10.5) kg and about 3 years old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 2 yaks in each replicate. Animals were fed three experimental diets contained energy levels of 3.72 (low energy group), 4.45 (middle energy group) and 5.31 MJ/kg (high energy group), respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days, and the experimental period lasted for 90 days. The results showed as follows:1) the final body weight and comprehensive net energy of high energy group were significantly higher than those of middle and low energy groups (P<0.01). The average daily gain of high energy group was significantly higher than that of middle and low energy groups (P<0.01), and the middle energy group was significantly higher than low energy group (P<0.01). The feed to gain ratio of high energy group was significantly lower than that of middle and low energy groups (P<0.01), and the middle energy group was significantly lower than low energy group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in average daily feed intake among all groups (P>0.05). 2) The body height and chest girth increasements of high energy group were significantly higher than those of middle and low energy groups (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in body length and cannon circumference increasements among all groups (P>0.05). 3) The contents of triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acid in serum of high energy group were significantly higher than those of middle and low energy groups (P<0.01), and the middle energy group was significantly higher than low energy group (P<0.01). The serum cholesterol content and lactate dehydrogenase activity of high energy group were significantly higher than those of middle and low energy groups (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in serum glucose, urea nitrogen, albumin, globulin, total protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity and albumin to globulin ratio among all groups (P>0.05). 4) The contents of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin in serum were significantly higher than those of middle and low energy groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, the dietary energy level increased from 3.72 to 5.31 MJ/kg significantly increase the average daily gain of fattening yaks under stall-feeding, and promote the metabolism of sugar, fat and nitrogen of fattening yaks. Therefore, the potential of short-term fattening can be brought into full play by increasing dietary energy level.

Key words： yaks; energy; growth performance; body size; serum biochemical parameters

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