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低海拔舍饲对牦牛和犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响

  • 袁萍 ,
  • 张翔飞 ,
  • 官久强 ,
  • 安添午 ,
  • 李华德 ,
  • 谭武 ,
  • 谢荣清 ,
  • 罗晓林 ,
  • 江明锋
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  • 1. 西南民族大学青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用, 四川省教育部重点实验室, 成都 610041;
    2. 四川省草原科学研究院, 成都 611731;
    3. 阿坝州红原县刷经寺镇壤口畜牧兽医站, 阿坝 624400
袁萍(1996-),女,四川德阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物遗传育种。E-mail:761052886@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-01-19

  网络出版日期: 2021-08-11

基金资助

西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目(CX2019SZ75);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0472);四川省科研院所基本科研项目"牦牛肌内脂肪(IMF)沉积规律及其营养代谢机制研究";四川省科研院所科技成果转化项目(2020JDZH0031);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0471);四川省科技计划(2016NYZ0050);四川省科技计划(2019YFH0035)

Effects of Low Altitude House-Feeding on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Muscle Quality of Yak and Cattle-Yak

  • YUAN Ping ,
  • ZHANG Xiangfei ,
  • GUAN Jiuqiang ,
  • AN Tianwu ,
  • LI Huade ,
  • TAN Wu ,
  • XIE Rongqing ,
  • LUO Xiaolin ,
  • JIANG Mingfeng
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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
    2. Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 611731, China;
    3. Rangkou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Shuajingsi Town, Hongyuan County, Aba Prefecture, Aba 624400, China

Received date: 2021-01-19

  Online published: 2021-08-11

Supported by

 

摘要

本试验旨在探讨低海拔舍饲对牦牛和犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响。试验选取36月龄、体重相近、体况良好的健康雄性麦洼牦牛[(169.85±13.69) kg]10头和犏牛[本地黄牛×麦洼牦牛,(142.60±26.18) kg]5头作为试验动物,将10头麦洼牦牛随机均分为2组(舍饲牦牛组与放牧牦牛组,每组5头),5头犏牛单独作为1组(舍饲犏牛组)。放牧牦牛2019年12月至2020年5月于甘孜州红原县牧区(海拔3 500 m)按照传统模式于天然草地放牧,舍饲牦牛和犏牛于广汉农区(海拔480 m)进行冷季全舍饲育肥,预试期30 d,正试期120 d,而后对各组试验牛进行生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质的测定。结果表明:舍饲牦牛的末重、平均日增重、胴体重、净肉重均显著高于放牧牦牛(P<0.05),舍饲犏牛的平均日增重显著高于舍饲牦牛(P<0.05);舍饲牦牛背最长肌中粗灰分含量显著高于放牧牦牛(P<0.05),舍饲犏牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量显著高于舍饲牦牛与放牧牦牛(P<0.05),舍饲牦牛背最长肌中水分含量显著高于舍饲犏牛(P<0.05);舍饲牦牛背最长肌的pH24 h、红度(a*)值、剪切力显著低于放牧牦牛(P<0.05),舍饲犏牛背最长肌肌内脂肪含量显著高于舍饲牦牛(P<0.05);舍饲牦牛背最长肌中鲜味氨基酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量均显著高于放牧牦牛(P<0.05)。由此可见,与传统放牧牦牛冷季掉膘相比,低海拔舍饲可促进牦牛与犏牛的生长,改善肌肉的营养成分含量与食用品质,且犏牛因杂交优势明显而育肥效率更为显著。

本文引用格式

袁萍 , 张翔飞 , 官久强 , 安添午 , 李华德 , 谭武 , 谢荣清 , 罗晓林 , 江明锋 . 低海拔舍饲对牦牛和犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(8) : 4791 -4800 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.08.057

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of low altitude house-feeding on the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of yak and cattle-yak. Ten healthy male Maiwa yaks[(169.85±13.69) kg] and 5 cattle-yaks[local yellow cattle×Maiwa yak, (142.60±26.18) kg] which were 36 months old, were selected for this trial. Maiwa yaks were randomly divided into 2 groups (house-fed yak group and grazing yak group) with 5 heads in each group, and 5 cattle-yaks were assigned into house-fed cattle-yak group. Grazing yaks grazed on natural grassland in pasturing area of Hongyuan county, Ganzi prefecture (altitude:3 500 m) from December 2019 to May 2020. Meanwhile, the house-fed yaks and cattle-yaks were fed in Guanghan agricultural area (altitude:480 m) in winter. The experiment consisted of 30 d pre-test period and 120 d test period. Afterwards, growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of all experimental cows were measured. The results showed that the final body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight and net meat weight of house-fed yaks were significantly higher than those of grazing yaks (P<0.05), and the average daily gain of house-fed cattle-yaks was significantly higher than that of house-fed yaks (P<0.05). Compared with grazing yaks, house-fed yaks had significantly higher ash content in longissimus dorsi (P<0.05). The ether extract content in longissimus dorsi of house-fed cattle-yak group was the greatest among three groups (P<0.05), and the moisture content in longissimus dorsi of house-fed yaks was significantly higher than that of house-fed cattle-yaks (P<0.05). House-fed yaks had significantly lower pH24 h, redness (a*) value and shear force of longissimus dorsi than the grazing ones (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat content in longissimus dorsi of house-fed cattle-yaks was significantly greater than that of house-fed yaks (P<0.05). When compared with grazing yaks, the flavor amino acid, tyrosine and phenylalanine contents in longissimus dorsi of house-fed yaks were significantly increased (P<0.05). It can be conclude that in comparison with the weight loss of traditional grazing yaks in cold season, low altitude house-feeding can promote the growth of yaks and cattle-yaks, and improve the nutrient contents and edible quality of meat. Cattle-yak has a greater fattening efficiency due to its hybridization advantage.

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