综述 REVIEW

奶牛温热环境评价指数及其应用进展

  • 孙小琴 ,
  • 宋振华 ,
  • 周静静 ,
  • 侯宇
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  • 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 杨凌 712100
孙小琴(1974-),女,甘肃环县人,副教授,博士,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学方面的教学与科研。E-mail:sunxiaoin1@nwsuaf.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2021-03-14

  网络出版日期: 2021-10-16

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0500507);陕西省重点研发项目(2020NY-189)

Thermal Environmental Indexes and Their Application in Dairy Cows

  • SUN Xiaoqin ,
  • SONG Zhenhua ,
  • ZHOU Jingjing ,
  • HOU Yu
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  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Received date: 2021-03-14

  Online published: 2021-10-16

Supported by

 

摘要

温热环境对奶牛生产和健康影响的准确评估是奶牛生产中饲养方案制定及设备配置的重要依据,也是牛舍环境控制措施启动的必要前提,而构建快速、准确的环境评估指数,一直是畜禽环境生理和环境控制研究的重要内容。温湿指数(THI)、黑球湿度指数、综合气候指数、校正温湿指数、奶牛热负荷指数、牛等温指数和风冷指数等是适用于奶牛的温热环境评估指数,但不同指数的适用性和评估准确性不同。本文在简介了早期建立的耐热系数和适应性指数的基础上,重点阐述了包括THI在内的11种奶牛常用环境指数的建立条件、计算公式、主要特点、应用情况及局限性等,以方便相关研究或应用参考。

本文引用格式

孙小琴 , 宋振华 , 周静静 , 侯宇 . 奶牛温热环境评价指数及其应用进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(10) : 5401 -5415 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.10.001

Abstract

Assessment of thermal environment and its effects on dairy cows are important basis for the feeding scheme and the equipment configuration in dairy production, as well as a prerequisite for the initiation of environmental control strategy. Developing a quick and precise environmental assessment index has always been an important topic in the research of animal environmental physiology and environmental control. Temperature humidity index, black globe humidity index, comprehensive climatic index, adjusted temperature-humidity index, dairy heat load index, equivalent temperature index for cattle and wind chill index, etc. are the common environmental indices used in dairy cows. However, these indices differed in their applicability and evaluation accuracy. In order to provide reference for the related research and application, based on a briefly introduction of the heat tolerance coefficient and the index of adaptability that developed in the early stage, this paper mainly summarized eleven environmental indices that were commonly used in dairy cows, and reviewed their developed conditions, calculation equations, major characteristics, applications and limitations.

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