禽营养与饲料 POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEED

相同营养条件下不同生长速度黄羽肉鸡肉品质的比较研究

  • 范秋丽 ,
  • 李龙 ,
  • 苟钟勇 ,
  • 王一冰 ,
  • 林厦菁 ,
  • 蒋守群
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  • 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 畜禽育种国家重点实验室, 农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广州 510640
范秋丽(1987-),女,陕西渭南人,助理研究员,硕士,从事黄羽肉鸡营养与饲料研究。E-mail:649698130@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-04-23

  网络出版日期: 2021-11-10

基金资助

财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-41);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202090004);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31802104);广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515012412,2021A1515010830);广东省农业科学院科技计划项目(202106TD,R2019PY-QF008)

Comparative Study on Meat Quality of Yellow-Feather Chickens with Different Growth Speed under the Same Nutritional Conditions

  • FAN Qiuli ,
  • LI Long ,
  • GOU Zhongyong ,
  • WANG Yibing ,
  • LIN Xiajing ,
  • JIANG Shouqun
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  • Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received date: 2021-04-23

  Online published: 2021-11-10

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摘要

本试验旨在在相同营养条件下,比较研究市场上具有代表性的不同生长速度(快速、中速和慢速)黄羽肉鸡胸肌和腿肌感官品质、脂肪酸组成和氨基酸含量的异同。选用1日龄的快速型岭南黄鸡、中速型麻黄鸡和慢速型胡须鸡各60只(均为母鸡),随机分为9栏饲养,每种鸡3栏,每栏20只。在相同营养及饲养环境下饲养至上市日龄(岭南黄鸡63日龄、麻黄鸡77日龄和胡须鸡165日龄),每个品种随机挑选接近各自平均体重的14只鸡进行屠宰,测定肌肉感官品质、脂肪酸组成和氨基酸含量。结果表明:1)在感官品质方面,慢速型肉鸡胸肌和腿肌肌苷酸含量最高,且胸肌肌纤维密度最高、肌纤维直径最小,显著优于快速型或中速型(P<0.05);慢速型肉鸡胸肌宰后24 h pH和45 min肉色红度(a*)值显著高于快速型和中速型(P<0.05),胸肌宰后45 min和24 h肉色黄度(b*)值显著低于快速型和中速型(P<0.05);同时,慢速型肉鸡腿肌宰后24 h pH显著高于快速型和中速型(P<0.05),腿肌宰后45 min和24 h肉色亮度(L*)值和b*值显著低于快速型或中速型(P<0.05)。2)在脂肪酸组成方面,慢速型肉鸡胸肌饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于快速型和中速型(P<0.05),其中棕榈酸含量显著低于快速型和中速型(P<0.05);快速型肉鸡胸肌单不饱和脂肪含量最高,显著高于慢速型(P<0.05),其中油酸贡献最大,其含量显著高于中速型和慢速型(P<0.05);慢速型肉鸡胸肌多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于快速型和中速型(P<0.05),其中含量较为丰富的为亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,同样显著高于快速型和中速型(P<0.05)。快速型肉鸡腿肌棕榈酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于中速型或慢速型(P<0.05),其中油酸对单不饱和脂肪酸的贡献最大,其含量显著高于中速型和慢速型(P<0.05);慢速型肉鸡腿肌多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于快速型和中速型(P<0.05),其中含量较为丰富的为亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳三烯酸和花生四稀酸,显著高于快速型或中速型(P<0.05)。总体上,中速型肉鸡胸肌和腿肌中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸值分别为11.06和8.46,更为接近世界卫生组织推荐的适合人体健康的数值(6~10)。3)在氨基酸含量方面,中速型肉鸡胸肌总氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量最高,显著高于快速型和慢速型(P<0.05),其中对鲜味氨基酸含量贡献最大的为谷氨酸和甘氨酸,其含量显著高于快速型和慢速型(P<0.05);必需氨基酸中缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸含量均为最高,显著高于快速型或慢速型(P<0.05)。虽然3种不同生长速度黄羽肉鸡腿肌中鲜味氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但慢速型肉鸡腿肌中总氨基酸含量最高,显著高于快速型(P<0.05);中速型肉鸡腿肌中必需氨基酸含量最高,显著高于快速型和慢速型(P<0.05)。综合上述结果,不同生长速度黄羽肉鸡在相同营养条件下达到出栏重时,以肌肉感官品质为参考,慢速型优于中速型,中速型优于快速型;以肌肉脂肪酸组成和氨基酸含量为参考,中速型优于慢速型,慢速型优于快速型。

本文引用格式

范秋丽 , 李龙 , 苟钟勇 , 王一冰 , 林厦菁 , 蒋守群 . 相同营养条件下不同生长速度黄羽肉鸡肉品质的比较研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(11) : 6147 -6160 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.11.016

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